Past, present, and prospects: Reflections 40 years on from the selective impairment of semantic memory (Warrington, 1975)

Abstract

We summarize the main findings and conclusions of Warrington's (1975) paper, The Selective Impairment of Semantic memory, a neuropsychological paper that described three cases with degenerative neurological conditions [Warrington, E. K. (1975). The selective impairment of semantic memory. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 27, 635–657]. We consider the developments that have followed from its publication and give a selective overview of the field in 2014. The initial impact of the paper was on neuropsychological investigations of semantic loss followed some 14 years later by the identification of Semantic Dementia (the condition shown by the original cases) as a distinctive form of degenerative disease with unique clinical and pathological characteristics. We discuss the distinction between disorders of semantic storage and refractory semantic access, the evidence for category- and modality-specific impairments of semantics, and the light that has been shed on the structure and organization of semantic memory. Finally we consider the relationship between semantic memory and the skills of reading and writing, phonological processing, and autobiographical memory.

Keywords:

• Semantic memory
• Refractory access
• Category specificity
• Modality specificity
• Semantic Dementia
• Stroke aphasia

Notes

¹Available for download http://www.ucl.ac.uk/drc/docs/swat-warrington_and_crutch-2007_7.pdf

²In the standard word–picture matching task, each probe is presented a single time

³By modality-specific is meant the source by which information is acquired. In this context the contrast is between visually processed objects and spoken words.