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Perspective

Measurable residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia using flow cytometry: approaches for harmonization/standardization

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Pages 921-935 | Received 04 Sep 2018, Accepted 14 Nov 2018, Published online: 11 Dec 2018
 

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Measurable residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly evolving area with many institutes embarking on it, both in academic and pharmaceutical settings. However, there is a multitude of approaches to design, perform, and report flow cytometric MRD. Together with the long-term experience needed, this makes flow cytometric MRD in AML nonstandardized and time-consuming.

Areas covered: This paper briefly summarizes critical issues, like sample preparation and transport, markers and fluorochromes of choice, but in particular focuses on the main issues, which includes specificity and sensitivity, hereby providing a new model that may circumvent the main disadvantages of the present approaches. New approaches that may add to the value of flow cytometric MRD includes assessment of leukemia stem cells, MRD in peripheral blood, and approaches to use multidimensional image analysis.

Expert commentary: MRD in AML requires standardization/harmonization on many aspects, for which the present paper offers possible guidelines.

Declaration of interest

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Reviewer disclosures

Peer reviewers on this manuscript have no relevant financial relationships or otherwise to disclose.

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Additional information

Funding

This paper was not funded.

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