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Abstract
Modified wood is commercially available and merchandized as a new, environmentally friendly and durable wood species. However, there are no standards focusing on the evaluation of modified wood. Combining resistance against fungal decay and good ecotoxicological properties may be a start. In this study softwood and hardwood species were furfurylated using different treatment processes and treating solutions. The durability was determined by exposing the treated wood to a range of Basidiomycetes and the ecotoxicity was studied on two aquatic organisms. It was the purpose to come to a strategy and how to unite efficacy and ecotoxicity, since this is important in product development. The results show that the selection of fungus used for mass loss determination and the choice of ecotoxicity method is decisive, confirming that a combination of methods is valuable. A tiered approach to find the optimal treatment seems the best option. First, adequate protection against wood-rotting fungi should be attained, followed by ecotoxicity evaluation of the wood leachates. If necessary, the optimization process should be repeated until both durability and ecotoxicity are within satisfactory limits. This process could be extended with other evaluation criteria, e.g. dimensional stability of the modified wood or a risk analysis of its leachate.
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Kebony ASA and TransFurans Chemicals for supplying the modified wood material. Furthermore, we are very grateful for the funding from ERA-Net “Wood Wisdom-Net”, the Norwegian Research Council and for great support from the EcoBuild competence centre. Finally, we would like to thank the European Commission for funding the FP6-2003-NMP-SME-3 program and more specifically the project “Furan and lignin based resins as eco-friendly and sustainable solutions for durable wood, panel and board and design products” (Ecobinders).