French-Canadian translation, cultural adaptation, and preliminary evaluation of the wheelchair service provision – basic test validity among occupational therapy students

Abstract

Purpose

The objectives were: (1) to translate and adapt the International Society of Wheelchair Professional (ISWP) basic Wheelchair Service Provision Test (bWSPT) into French-Canadian and (2) to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the French-Canadian version of the ISWP bWSPT internal consistency and relations with other variables among French-Canadian occupational therapy students.

Methods

For Phase 1, based on the International Test Commission Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests, a forward translation and adaptation from English to French-Canadian was conducted by a translation team. For Phase 2, the validity evidence of the French-Canadian bWSPT was evaluated through internal consistency and comparison of bWSPT scores and final grades of a wheelchair-specific course with a sample of occupational therapy students (positive, moderate correlation hypothesized). Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach’s α. The correlation was calculated using the Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient.

Results

For phase 1, 61 of 167 items of the forward adaptation were revised and modified. All revisions were a consensus by the translation team. For phase 2, we found a Cronbach’s α of 0.50 and a correlation of ⍴ = 0.27 (p = 0.43) between the bWSPT French-Canadian version and the wheelchair-specific course final grade. The low variability of the data may explain the lower-than-expected correlation. Other possible data-driven reasons have been explored using post-hoc analysis.

Conclusion

The ISWP bWSPT, French-Canadian version, is not internally consistent and demonstrates a non-statistically significant, positive, weak correlation with the final grade of a wheelchair service provision-specific course among a cohort of 35 occupational therapy students.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• The lack of adequately educated wheelchair service providers is a contributing factor to inappropriate wheelchair provision worldwide.

• The ISWP Wheelchair Service Provision Basic Test (ISWP bWSPT) has been created to evaluate competency among wheelchair service providers and provides a standardized test recognized internationally.

• A French-Canadian version of the ISWP bWSPT allows competency testing of French-speaking wheelchair service providers across Canada.

• This study shows that the French-Canadian version of the test is not internally consistent and has a low correlation with a wheelchair provision-specific course among a cohort of 35 occupational therapy students at a French-Canadian university suggesting further refinement is required to improve its measurement properties in this population of test-takers.

Keywords:

• Outcome measure
• translation
• adaptation
• validity
• wheelchair

Acknowledgements

We thank Krithika Kandavel for her assistance with data analysis.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 25. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Additional information

Funding

Salary funds were provided by the Fonds de la recherche du Québec – Santé Junior 1 Research Scholar Award (Paula W Rushton).