Cyclic undrained properties of stabilised expansive clay with lignosulfonate

ABSTRACT

In this work, the influence of lignosulfonate (LS), which is a by-product of timber and paper industries, on the cyclic characteristics of expansive clay was investigated by conducting cyclic triaxial tests. Test findings showed that cyclic stress ratio (CSR) substantially influenced liquefaction resistance of treated soil samples such that, at CSR = 0.2, none of the specimens were liquefied, whereas, at CSR = 0.4, all of the specimens were liquefied. Furthermore, liqueaction resistance was enhanced by decreasing the sample moisture content. Due to a stabilisation effect, the secant shear modulus increased by up to about 64%, and the damping ratio decreased by up to about 22%.

KEYWORDS:

• Lignosulfonate
• stabilised expansive clay
• cyclic triaxial tests
• liquefaction resistance
• damping ratio
• shear modulus

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the funding support of Babol Noshirvani University of Technology through grant program nO. BNUT/370273/98 and nO. BNUT/925140010/93.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. % swell following absorption of water at the seating pressure of 1 kPa in consolidation apparatus.

2. Fourier-transform infrared.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Babol Noshirvani University of Technology [No. BNUT/370273/98 and No. BNUT/925140010/93].