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Original

The development of expertise in pediatric rehabilitation therapists: Changes in approach, self-knowledge, and use of enabling and customizing strategies

, PhD, , , , , , & show all
Pages 223-240 | Received 29 Jun 2006, Accepted 24 Oct 2006, Published online: 10 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the clinical decision making of novice, intermediate, and expert pediatric rehabilitation therapists from various disciplines.

Methods: Two qualitative studies were conducted. Thirteen therapists took part in a study using the critical incident interview technique and 11 therapists took part in a study using the ‘think aloud’ technique. Therapists were classified as novice, intermediate, or expert in developmental level based on a cluster analysis of data collected using a multifaceted battery of assessment tools. Data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.

Results: Expert and intermediate therapists differed from novices with respect to content, self-, and procedural knowledge.

Conclusion: With increasing expertise, therapists use a supportive, educational, holistic, functional, and strengths-based approach; have heightened humility yet increased self-confidence; and understand how to facilitate and support client change and adaptation by using principles of engagement, coherence, and manageability. Expert therapists use enabling and customizing strategies to ensure a successful therapeutic session, optimize the child's functioning in the mid-term, and ensure child and family adaptation and accommodation over the longer-term.

Propósito: Examinar la toma de decisión clínica de terapistas de rehabilitación pediátrica expertos, intermedios y principiantes de varias disciplinas. Métodos: Se realizaron dos estudios cualitativos. Trece terapistas tomaron parte en un estudio usando la técnica de entrevista de incidente crítico y once terapistas tomaron parte de un estudio usando la técnica “piensa en voz alta”. Los terapistas fueron clasificados como principiantes, intermedios, o expertos en su nivel de desarrollo, en base a un análisis de grupo de datos recolectados usando una batería multifacética de herramientas de evaluación. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando una estrategia basada en la teoría. Resultados: Los terapistas expertos e intermedios difirieron de los principantes con respecto al conocimiento del contenido, del conocimiento propio y del procedimiento. Conclusión: Conforme los terapistas tienen una mayor pericia, hacen uso de estrategias de apoyo, educacionales, holísticas, funcionales y basadas en las fortalezas; tienen una mayor humildad y a la vez una mayor confianza en sí mismos, y entienden cómo facilitar y apoyar el cambio y la adaptación en el cliente a través del uso de principios de compromiso, coherencia y control. Los terapistas expertos usan estrategias diseñadas en forma individual que aseguran una sesión terapéutica exitosa, optimizando la función en el niño a mediano plazo, y asegurando la adaptación de la familia y del niño a largo plazo.

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