![Sample our Area Studies journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5922/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Area-Studies.jpg"})
Abstract
In response to runaway population growth in the Nile basin, the reality and perils of desertification and the frequent cycles of drought, human demand on Nile water resources has intensified in recent years. Nothing captures the enormity of the challenge more than the fact that the present combined 360 million population of the 10 Nile states is projected to reach 850 million in a generation or so. Because of this, the riparian states have formed the Nile Basin Initiative as an inter-state water regime, entrusted to fashion a framework for the allocation of Nile water resources among the co-basin states. The initiative has yet to take root however, precisely because the approach to the hydrographic problem is informed by conventional regional geopolitics and international development assistance.
Notes
1. CitationGleick, "Water and Conflict," 101.
2. CitationHulme, "Changing Rainfall Resources," 21-34.
3. CitationCollins, The Nile, 151; Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 62 and 73.
4. Collins, The Nile, 176.
5. Collins, The Nile, 169-71; Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 69-70.
6. Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 75-9; CitationAmer et al., “Sustainable Development and International Cooperation,” 1-14.
7. CitationArsano and Tamrat, "Ethiopian and the Eastern Nile Basin," 15-27.
8. Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 80-2; CitationSuvarna, "Development Aid," 449-84; CitationKagwanja, "Calming the Waters," 321-37.
9. For details of the NBI's mission, visit its website at http://www.nilebasin.org
10. "Clause Holds Key to New Nile Treaty," Africa News, March 28, 2008.
11. Kagwanja, "Calming the Waters," 321-37.
12. CitationAgrawala, "Development and Climate Change."
13. "Nile Basin Initiative Project to Cost $200 Billion in 30 Years," Info-ProResearch (Middle East), March 28, 2007.
14. Conca, Governing Water, 42-9.
15. Conca, Governing Water, 39-56.
16. CitationRice, "Uganda: White Water Torrent," 29.
17. CitationBenvenisti, "Collective Action," 388-415; Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 7-27; CitationKlare, Resource Wars, 5-24; CitationZeitoun, "Hydro-Hegemony Theory."
18. Zeitoun, "Hydro-hegemony Theory."
19. Sterling-Folker, "Realism and the Constructivist Challenge," 73-97.
20. CitationKuehls, "Between Sovereignty and the Environment," 79-108.
21. Keohane and Nye, Power and Interdependence, 23-60.
22. Keohane, After Hegemony, 51-63.
23. Cox, "Social Forces," 204-54.
24. Conca, Governing Water, 39-49.
25. CitationPrugh et al., Local Politics; CitationDaly and Farley, Ecological Economics, 366-86; CitationPrincen, Logic of Sufficiency, 7-47.
26. CitationFalkenmark, "Global Water Issues," 177-90; Gleick, "Water and Conflict," 179-212.
27. Conca, Governing Water, 75.
28. CitationTangley, "How Much is a Forest Worth?," 60-1; Prugh et al., Local Politics, 16.
29. Tangley, "How Much is a Forest Worth?," 60-1.
30. CitationSwain, "Mission Not Yet Accomplished," 201-16.
31. UNICEF, "Water, Environment and Sanitation."
32. CitationThompson, "Nile Restrictions Anger Ethiopia."
33. Kiwango and Wolanski, "Papyrus Wetlands," 89-96.
34. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), "Irrigation Potential in Africa"; Swain, "Mission Not Yet Accomplished," 201-16.
35. Collins, The Nile, 68.
36. CitationBenequista, "Ethiopia."
37. "Kenya: Cereals Board to Buy Maize from Zambia," Africa News, June 29, 2008.
38. CitationRobbins, Political Ecology, chapters 1-2; CitationSwyngedow, Social Power, chapters 1-2.
39. Giddens, "Risk and Responsibility," 1-10.
40. CitationKahl, States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife, 124-31.
41. CitationKahl, States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife, 134.
42. CitationKahl, States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife, 130.
43. CitationMbaria, "Destruction of Mau Forest Complex."
44. CitationAmnesty International, "Kenya: Nowhere to Go."
45. Kahl, States, Scarcity, and Civil Strife, 117-18.
46. CitationPeytermann, "Kenyan Land Dispute."
47. CitationPostel, Pillar of Sands, 144; Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 84.
48. CitationInternational Rivers Network, "Environmental Problems."
49. Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 129; FAO, "Irrigation Potential in Africa."
50. FAO, "Irrigation Potential in Africa."
51. Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 158.
52. Waterbury, The Nile Basin, 154.
53. Conca, Governing Water, 5-11.
54. CitationLu, "Cosmopolitan Liberalism," 401-8; Held, "Cosmopolitanism," 305-24; CitationMcGrew, "Liberal Internationalism," 267-89; CitationHaubrich, "Normative Concepts," 183-201; Pogge, World Poverty, 27-47 and 196-210.
55. Haubrich, "Normative Concepts," 183-201.
56. Held, "Cosmopolitanism," 312.
57. Haas, "Words Can Hurt You," 24-5.