Abstract
This article focuses upon the Jewish dockers of Ottoman Thessaloniki. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the loading and unloading of merchandise between ships and docks in the port of Thessaloniki was dominated by Jewish manpower. This dominance should be considered, first of all, in relation to the pre-industrial regulations of the Ottoman labour market. Work on the Thessaloniki docks was operated by veteran guilds of Jewish labourers (registered according to ethnic or family affinity) who managed to distribute all the specific spheres of work among themselves (the gedik principle). They demonstrated a high standard of professionalism (the hisba value) and created a well-organized welfare system. These outdated regulations still maintained their validity in spite of the legal abolition of the guild system (1860), and the emergence of the industrial labour market. The second reason for Jewish prosperity derived from the political turmoil of that period. Against the background of the Macedonian Question and the Western semi-colonization of Macedonia, the Jewish dockers should be seen as part of an ethnic group which clearly defined itself as supporting the preservation of the Ottoman regime in the Southern Balkans. As such, the Ottoman regime counted them as a loyal and useful element in maintaining its interests in the docks, and in exchange came to their aid when modernization of the infrastructures might have thrown many of them out of work in the port.
Notes
5. Parliamentary Papers, Accounts and Papers, ‘Report by Consul Blunt on the Trade of Salonica for the Year 1873’, Vol. LXVI (1874), The Academic Library at London School of Economics (LSE); Parliamentary Papers, Accounts and Papers, ‘Report by Consul-General Blunt on the Trade and Commerce of Macedonia and the Port of Salonica for the Years 1879, 1880, 1881’, Vol. LXXII (1883), LSE.
19. Baer, ‘Monopolies and Restrictive Practices’; idem, ‘The Administrative’.
20. Baer, ‘Monopolies and Restrictive Practices’, 155.
21. Brodo, ‘The Porters’, 243.
22. Baer, ‘Monopolies and Restrictive Practices’, 155–6; CitationBruce, ‘Ethnicity’, 666.
23. Yildirim, ‘Ottoman Guilds,’ 14.
28. Baer, ‘Monopolies and Restrictive Practices’, 162–5.
34. Baer, Egyptian Guilds, 91.
35. The Van district is located in Eastern Turkey between the Lake of Van and the Iranian border.
37. Baer, ‘The Administrative’, 28–35.
42. Sivi means liquid in Turkish. This may be a general reference to a market in which certain merchandise was estimated according to liquid measures (such as oil), but this type of merchandise was not sold in shops in the Sivi area.
45. Ginio, ‘Migrants and Workers’, 113–24.
46. Gerber, Economy and Society, 36–7.
48. Hadar, ‘Jewish Tobacco Workers’, 127.
50. Quataert, ‘The Port Workers Guild’, 96–100.
56. Green, ‘The Work Process’, 570.
57. Green, ‘The Work Process’ 575–7.
64. Parliamentary Papers, Accounts and Papers, ‘Report by Consul-General Blunt on the Trade and Commerce of Macedonia and the Port of Salonica for the Years 1879, 1880, 1881’, Vol. LXXII (1883), LSE.
65. Consular Report, ‘Report on Trade and Commerce of the Consular District of Salonica for the Years 1891–92 by Consul-General Blunt, Moυσϵío Mακϵδoνικoέ Aγώνα, Θϵσσαλoνíκη’ [Museum of Macedonian Struggle in Thessaloniki], British Foreign Office section.
66. Parliamentary Papers, Accounts and Papers, ‘Report by Consul-General Blunt on the Trade and Commerce of Macedonia and the Port of Salonica for the Years 1879, 1880, 1881’, Vol. LXXII (1883), LSE; Taplin, ‘The History’, 444.
67. Parliamentary Papers, Accounts and Papers, ‘Report by Consul Blunt on the Trade of Salonica for the Year 1873’, Vol. LXVI (1874), LSE.
68. Parliamentary Papers, Accounts and Papers, ‘Report by Consul Blunt on the Trade of Salonica for the Year 1873’, Vol. LXVI (1874), LSE
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75. Hastaoglou, Eντάξη τoυ A′ και B′ Πρoβλήτα [The Integration of Piers A and B], 35–42.
76. ‘Toπικά Zητήματα [local issues] Eϕημϵρíς των Bαλκανíων’ [The Newspaper of the Balkans], 23 November 1923, 1
78. Gounaris, Steam over Macedonia, 171.
79. Bulgaria declared independence at the beginnings of October and Greece renewed its struggle for further influence over Crete.
82. Meron, ‘The Jewish Economy’, 25.
83. Meron, ‘The Jewish Economy’ 37.
86. For obvious reasons, we decided not to give full details about this docker, but only his personal name and the first letter of his surname.
87. ‘Πρωτóτυπoς Kλoπή ϵις τo Tϵλωνϵíoν’ [Original Theft in the Custom House], To Φως [The Light], 8 April 1915.
92. Baer, ‘The Administrative’, 44–5.
95. Brodo, ‘The Porters’, 243.
96. Baer, ‘The Administrative’, 44.
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