Eye-tracking technology, visual preference surveys, and urban design: preliminary evidence of an effective methodology

Abstract

Urban planners and designers use visual preference surveys to gather public opinion on potential designs for developments. Using eye-tracking technology, we administered a visual preference survey to a convenience sample to evaluate quantitatively the ways in which individuals process and rank images used in public settings for urban planning. We combined both a subjective qualitative analysis with quantitative evaluation of the eye-tracking data. The analysis largely confirms that various new urbanist components of the images, namely people, pedestrian features, and greenery, lead to higher rankings. Images with cars and parking receive negative rankings. Buildings, which are a key component of architectural design, had mixed results. The analysis demonstrates the efficacy of visual preference surveys. We show a way for transportation and urban planners to extract greater value from visual preference surveys, consistent with efforts to increase pedestrian activity while reducing motor vehicle traffic in cities.

Keywords:

• Eye-tracking
• visual preference survey
• urban design

Acknowledgments

The authors thank iMotions Inc., Boston, USA/Copenhagen, Denmark, for providing the eye-tracking equipment and the Attention Tool software used for eye-tracking data collection and processing for this research. The authors also thank the Michael J. and Susan Angelides Public Policy Research Fund, Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, for providing funding for this research. Marc Weiner thanks M. P. Simon, and K., T., and G. Simon-Weiner for encouragement and support.