The rise and fall of the American pedestrian mall

ABSTRACT

This research provides a historical analysis of the American experiment with pedestrian malls. Specifically, we ask why some pedestrian malls have failed and were reopened to vehicular traffic while others have succeeded. Over 120 post-war malls from across the United States are statistically analysed, examining the relationship between the mall’s lifespan and a variety of geographic, demographic, and economic factors. Using a Cox proportional hazard model, we find that cities’ population density, the median age of the residents, the percent of the population that is white, proximity to beach, whether or not the City is a tourism destination, length of the mall, and the percent of sunny days are all significant in explaining a pedestrian mall’s longevity. In addition, we also examine qualitative, design-based characteristics in order to better understand why certain pedestrian malls, despite their locational disadvantages, have thrived to the present day.

KEYWORDS:

• Pedestrian malls
• walkability
• downtown
• urbanism

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1. Available at https://osf.io/ybdev/

2. A correlation matrix found no strong correlations between independent variables. To check for multicollinearity, a variance inflation test was performed, and the results suggest there is no multicollinearity in the model.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Samantha Matuke

Samantha Matuke is a Masters student at Cornell University and is interested in urban design.

Stephan Schmidt

Stephan Schmidt is an Associate Professor at Cornell University and is interested in internationally comparative land use planning.

Wenzheng Li

Wenzheng Li is a PhD student at Cornell University and is interested in urban spatial structure, land-use planning, big data and machine learning.