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Article

From Climate Crisis to Climate Action: Exploring the Entanglement of Changing Heritage in the Anthropocene

Pages 271-291 | Published online: 10 Aug 2021
 

ABSTRACT

In this article we explore how heritage can contribute to the climate discussion in ways beyond the protection and preservation of historical sites, environments, and intangible heritage. We introduce how heritage can be used as a study, or tool, to tackle global challenges and institutional barriers. Heritage studies can reveal wider values which have contributed towards the crisis we now face in the Anthropocene, but also potentially provide critical tools for action to address these challenges. We highlight the parallels between the heritage and climate narrative through their future-making approaches as well as the authorised discourse that underpins them. The article explores critical heritage studies and practices alongside the current saliency in the climate discourse with the aim to evoke climate action based on principles of care and shared agency.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

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16. For example, see Hornborg, A., ‘Dithering While the Planet Burns: Anthropologists’ Approaches to the Anthropocene’; Bonneuil, C. and J. Fressoz, The Shock of the Anthropocene: The Earth, History and Us; Latour, B., ‘Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene’; Lorimer, J., Wildlife in the Anthropocene: Conservation after Nature.

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20. Latour, ‘Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene’; see e.g. Hulme, M., Why We Disagree about Climate Change: Understanding Controversy, Inaction and Opportunity.

21. Gibson, H. and S. Venkateswar, ‘Anthropological Engagement with the Anthropocene: A Critical Review’.

22. Palsson et al., ‘Reconceptualizing the “Anthropos”.

23. Lorimer, J. ‘The Anthropo-Scene: A Guide for the Perplexed’.

24. Lorimer; Swanson, Bubandt, and Tsing, ‘Less Than One But More Than Many: Anthropocene as Science Fiction and Scholarship-in-the-Making’.

25. Moore, J.W., ‘The Capitalocene, Part 1: On the Nature and Origins of Our Ecological Crisis’; Malm, ‘Who Lit This Fire? Approaching the History of the Fossil Economy’; Parikka, The Anthrobscene; Raworth, ‘Must the Anthropocene Be a Manthropocene?’.

26. See Latour, ‘Agency at the Time of the Anthropocene’; Chakrabarty, ‘The Climate of History: Four Theses’.

27. Morton, T., Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World.

28. For further in-depth discussion of heritage as a hyperobject, see Oud Ammerveld, Janna (forthcoming), What does climate change change? Understanding climate change as a hyperobject in the work of heritage policy makers in England and Sweden. PhD Thesis, Institute of Archaeology, UCL, London.

29. Sklair, ‘Sleepwalking through the Anthropocene’.

30. Suzie Thomas et al., ‘Dark Heritage’, 2019.

31. Latour, B., Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory.

32. DeLanda, Assemblage Theory; DeLanda, A New Philosophy of Society.

33. Harman, Object-Oriented Ontology: A New Theory of Everything.

34. Horst W.J. Rittel and Melvin M. Webber, ‘Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning’. Pg 160.

35. Ackoff, Redesigning the Future. Pg 21.

36. Horn and Weber, New Tools for Resolving Wicked Problems: Mess Mapping and Resolution Mapping Processes.

37. Morton, Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World.

38. Morton, Dark Ecology: For a Logic of Future Coexistence. Pg 21.

39. United Nations, ‘Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’.

40. Vignieri, S., ‘Vanishing Fauna’.

41. Harvey, D., A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Pg 173

42. Ellis et al., ‘People Have Shaped Most of Terrestrial Nature for at Least 12,000 Years’.

43. Crumley, C., ‘New Paths into the Anthropocene: Applying Historical Ecologies to the Human Future’.

44. Brit Solli et al., ‘Some Reflections on Heritage and Archaeology in the Anthropocene’.

45. ‘The Cadence of Climate: Heritage Proxies and Social Change’.

46. Boccardi ‘From Mitigation to Adaptation: A New Heritage Paradigm for the Anthropocene’.

47. Palsson et al., ‘Reconceptualizing the “Anthropos”. See also Brewer and Riede, ‘Cultural Heritage and Climate Adaptation: A Cultural Evolutionary Perspective for the Anthropocene’.

48. Zeldin-O’Neill, ‘“It’s a Crisis, Not a Change”: The Six Guardian Language Changes on Climate Matters’. Also, the four stages are adopted by Stanley Cohen’s stages of denial.

49. Carrington, ‘Why the Guardian Is Changing the Language It Uses about the Environment’.

50. Madhavan et al., Practicing Sustainability. Pg 37.

51. Cairney, The Politics of Evidence-Based Policy Making.

52. Inspired by Leverhulme Trust project, Making Science Public. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/sociology/research/projects/making-science-public/index.aspx

53. The IPCC is a United Nations intergovernmental body set up to provide regular scientific assessments on climate change. See http://www.ipcc.chformoreinformation. for more information.

54. See Hall, S., ‘Un‐settling “the Heritage”, Re‐imagining the Post‐nation: Whose Heritage?’; Graham, Ashworth, and Tunbridge (Eds.), A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture and Economy; Rodney Harrison, ‘The Politics of the Past: Conflict in the Use of Heritage in the Modern World’.

55. Beck, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity.

56. Jones, ‘OECD Workshop on the Benefits of Climate Policy: Improving Information for Policy Makers’.

57. C40 Cities, ‘C40 Cities: Climate Change Risk Assessment Guidance’.

58. Jones, ‘OECD Workshop on the Benefits of Climate Policy: Improving Information for Policy Makers’: Pg 7.

59. Hickel, ‘Quantifying National Responsibility for Climate Breakdown: An Equality-Based Attribution Approach for Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Excess of the Planetary Boundary’.

60. Maxwell, ‘Why a Focus on Mitigation and Adaptation Conceals the Real Challenge of Climate Change’.

61. Jones, ‘OECD Workshop on the Benefits of Climate Policy: Improving Information for Policy Makers’. Pg 11.

62. DeSilvey, C and R. Harrison, ‘Anticipating Loss: Rethinking Endangerment in Heritage Futures’.

63. IUCN, ‘Climate Change and World Heritage’.

64. C. Michael Hall et al., ‘Climate Change and Cultural Heritage: Conservation and Heritage Tourism in the Anthropocene’.

65. Bonazza et al., ‘Safeguarding Cultural Heritage from Natural and Man-Made Disasters A Comparative Analysis of Risk Management in the EU’; see e.g. Cassar and Pender, ‘The Impact of Climate Change on Cultural Heritage: Evidence and Response’; Fatorić and Seekamp, ‘Are Cultural Heritage and Resources Threatened by Climate Change? A Systematic Literature Review’; Fatorić and Seekamp, ‘Securing the Future of Cultural Heritage by Identifying Barriers to and Strategizing Solutions for Preservation under Changing Climate Conditions’; Hollesen et al., ‘Climate Change and the Deteriorating Archaeological and Environmental Archives of the Arctic’; Howard, ‘Managing Global Heritage in the Face of Future Climate Change: The Importance of Understanding Geological and Geomorphological Processes and Hazards’; Perry, ‘Climate Change Adaptation in the World’s Best Places: A Wicked Problem in Need of Immediate Attention’; Phillips, ‘The Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change at Heritage Sites-The Development of a Conceptual Framework’; Perez-Alvaro, ‘Climate Change and Underwater Cultural Heritage: Impacts and Challenges’; Eun Kim, ‘Changing Climate, Changing Culture: Adding the Climate Change Dimension to the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage’2017; Mike Rowland, ‘Saving the Past from the Future’; Sabbioni et al., The Atlas of Climate Change Impact on European Cultural Heritage: Scientific Analysis and Management Strategies; Sesana et al., ‘An Integrated Approach for Assessing the Vulnerability of World Heritage Sites to Climate Change Impacts’.

66. Winter, T., ‘Climate Change and Our Heritage of Low Carbon Comfort’.

67. Lazrus, quoted in Gibson and Venkateswar, ‘Anthropological Engagement with the Anthropocene: A Critical Review’. Pg. 11.

68. ‘Climate Change Adaptation: Linking Indigenous Knowledge with Western Science for Effective Adaptation’; ‘Integrating Local Knowledge for Climate Change Adaptation in Yucatán, Mexico’; ‘The Role of Culture and Traditional Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation: Insights from East Kimberley, Australia’.

69. Hammond, Dryzek, and Pickering, ‘Democracy in the Anthropocene’.

70. See e.g. Harrison, R., Heritage: Critical Approaches; Holtorf, C., ‘Averting Loss Aversion in Cultural Heritage’.

71. Winter, T., ‘Clarifying the Critical in Critical Heritage Studies’.

72. Morel, H., ‘Exploring Heritage in IPCC Documents’.

73. Ibid.

74. John S. Dryzek and Jonathan Pickering, The Politics of the Anthropocene, 2019.

75. IPBES, ‘Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’; Ripple et al., ‘World Scientists Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice’; Ceballos and Ehrlich, ‘The Misunderstood Sixth Mass Extinction; Dirzo et al., ‘Defaunation in the Anthropocene’; Hollingsworth, ‘Almost 600 Plants Have Gone Extinct in Last 250 Years: Report - CNN’; Barnosky et al., ‘Has the Earth’s Sixth Mass Extinction Already Arrived?’; Ceballos, Ehrlich, and Dirzo, ‘Biological Annihilation via the Ongoing Sixth Mass Extinction Signaled by Vertebrate Population Losses and Declines’.

76. Pimm et al., ‘The Future of Biodiversity’.

77. American Meteorological Society, ‘Explaining Extreme Events from a Climate Perspective’.

78. NOA, ‘Report: Climate Change Is Making Specific Weather Events More Extreme’, accessed 25 March 2020, https://www.noaa.gov/news/report-climate-change-is-making-specific-weather-events-more-extreme.

79. Serna, J., ‘Deadly Fires in Australia Have Made Climate Change Converts, as in California’.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by funding from the European Union, through the Marie Skłodowska#-Curie Innovative Training Network ‘CHEurope# Critical Heritage Studies and the Future of Europe’ H2020 Marie Skłodowska#-Curie Actions 722416. Arts and Humanities Research Council Grant Number AH/P009719/1

Notes on contributors

Hana Morel

Hana Morel is the Sustainability Manager for MOLA’s Coastal and Intertidal Zone Archaeological Network, CITiZAN. Previously, she worked as Senior Policy Advisor (Climate Change) at Historic England (2020–21), and postdoctoral Research Associate for the AHRC Heritage Priority Area (2017–2020). She developed the one-year follow on funding project, Opening New Pathways to Impact across Heritage Research, Policy and Practice, which built on her work in the AHRC Heritage Priority Area to transform and increase understanding of policies’ impact on the heritage sector. Hana was awarded her PhD from University College London in 2015 where she researched the development of planning policy and archaeology in global cities and its impact on archaeology and heritage practice. Previous roles include work as researcher of international and domestic policy for Bournemouth University’s Pro-Vice Chancellor (Global Engagement); archaeologist, researcher and lead for community engagement at Izmit’s Nicomedia Project, Turkey; project manager of the NYC Heritage Project supported by the Landmark Preservation Commission, New York; and editor-in-chief of the journal Papers from the Institute of Archaeology.

Hana’s areas of interest include urban archaeology, planning, and exploring the role of heritage critically alongside global and domestic agendas, and its contribution towards addressing global challenges (with particular focus on climate action). She is also working as Climate Heritage Specialist with ICOMOS, and sits on various UK heritage and archaeology groups such as APPAG, TAF, and RESCUE among others.

Janna oud Ammerveld

Janna oud Ammerveld is a CHEurope Marie Skłodowska-Curie Trainee at the UCL Institute of Archaeology. Her PhD research, titled ‘What does climate change?’, focuses on the impact of climate change’s presence as a hyperobject on the work of heritage policymakers in England and Sweden. For her PhD she has worked with Historic England and the Swedish National Heritage Board (Riksantikvarieämbetet) to study their work and responses to and in a changing climate, while also questioning our understanding of heritage in the zeitgeist of the Anthropocene.

She obtained both her MA and BA in conservation studies from the University of Antwerp. After 4 years of treating wooden and ethnographic objects from private and public collections, she found her interest in the theoretical realms of heritage and its uses and potential via her master dissertation. This work focused on the application of Manuel DeLanda’s assemblage theory in understanding the controversies around the Dutch celebration of St Nicholas (Sinterklaas).

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