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ABSTRACT
The differential diagnosis between hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic hyponatremia are presented. The help of some usual serum (urea, uric acid and TCO2) and urine parameters (mainly osmolality and sodium concentration) are discussed and help to determine the best treatment. Morbidity associated with untreated hyponatremia and with the different treatment available is also discussed. Who to prevent and treat ODS (osmotic demyelating syndrome) is recalled. The pathophysiology and treatment of hypernatremia are also discussed.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.