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Under The Sky

Experiments in landscape architecture in 1970s France: The Cergy-Pontoise Recreational Park

Pages 70-87 | Published online: 19 Aug 2022
 

Abstract

Recreational parks, much like new towns, can be considered as ‘places of memory’.Footnote1 They mark a complete renewal of French planning policies from the mid-1960s onwards, which were linked to the emergence of a new urban and landscape utopia. At the dawn of its 50th anniversary, the Cergy-Pontoise Recreational Park can be seen as an original and emblematic case study of such landscape designs. It was a laboratory for a young generation of landscape architects, in which they were able to develop and implement principles that are at the heart of teaching the profession in France today. These include observing the terrain, considering the site as a resource for the designed landscape, mastering earthworks and accompanying processes of landscape transformation. The park design allows us to re-examine the questions that landscape architects had to face and the formal answers they brought. We will confront them with today’s design practice and role of landscape architecture in order to reflect on the contemporary context of urban and territorial transition.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Agnès Barbieri for having opened the doors of the Centre de Documentation Sur l'Urbanisme de l'agglomération de Cergy Pontoise, the Laboratoire de recherche en project de paysage (LAREP) at the École nationale supérieure de paysage Versailles-Marseille (ENSP) for translating this article. Many thanks as well to Michel Viollet for his testimony.

Notes

1 Loïc Valdelorge, ‘Des villes pour mémoire’, Ethnologie française 1/1 (2003), 81–90.

2 API/SEBA, Plan directeur d’aménagement, rapport de synthèse (Cergy: Archives CACP, Centre de documentation sur l’urbanisme, 1975), CP661–1.

3 The memory of these urban experiments is also considered to have a heritage dimension and is seen as a part of the history of urban planning in France.

4 Guy Bardolle and Bertrand Warnier, ‘Les opportunités et les choix’, in: Pierre Dusser and Bertrand Espinadel (eds.), Cergy-Pontoise 20 ans d’aménagement de la ville 1969-1989 (Paris: Moniteur Images, 1989), 35–55.

5 Annexe à la Circulaire du Secrétariat à la Jeunesse et aux Sports, 177, 20 January 1964.

6 Julien Laborde, ‘Les villes nouvelles à l’épreuve du temps: L’exemple de Marne-la-Vallée’, Projets de paysage 9 (2013), http://journals.openedition.org/paysage/12617

7 Viviane Claude, ‘Les équipes d'aménagement des villes nouvelles: Avatars d'une expérience collective nationale’, Les Annales de la Recherche Urbaine ‘Les visages de la ville nouvelle’ 98 (2005), 15–24.

8 Bernadette Blanchon-Caillot, ‘Pratiques et compétences paysagistes dans les grands ensembles d’habitation, 1945– 1975’, Strates 13 (2007), http://journals.openedition.org/ strates/5723

9 Michel Viollet, interview with Suzanne Rey, Paris, 8 January 2020.

10 Guillaume Brac, director. L’île au trésor. Les films du Losanges, 2018. 1 hr., 37 min.

11 Bernard Hirsch, L’invention d’une ville nouvelle, Cergy-Pontoise, 1965–1975, récit d’un témoin (Paris: Presses de l’ENPC, 1990).

12 Caroline Stefulesco, L’urbanisme végétal (Paris: Institut pour le développement forestier, 1993).

13 Caroline de Saint-Pierre, ‘Créer de la localité en ville nouvelle: l’exemple de Cergy’, Ethnologie française 1/1 (2003), 81–90.

14 Julien Laborde, ‘Les villes nouvelles’, op. cit. (note 6), 10.

15 Blanchon-Caillot, ‘Pratiques et compétences paysagistes’, op. cit. (note 8), 22.

16 Inventer le Grand Paris, Sonia Keravel, ‘L’approche planificatrice de Jaques Sgard: références et réalisations’, inventerlegrandparis.fr/seminaire-igp/2018-2019/lespaysages-du-grand-paris/lapproche-planificatrice-de-jacquessgard-references-et-realisations/, accessed April 2021.

17 Bernard Lassus, Une poétique du paysage: le démesurable (Paris: Auto-édition, 1976).

18 De Saint-Pierre, ‘Créer de la localité en ville nouvelle’, op. Cit. (note 15).

19 Bernadette Blanchon et al., ‘The Training of Landscape Architects in France: From the Horticultural Engineer to the Landscape Architect (1876–2016)’, in: Diedrich Bruns and Stefanie Hennecke (eds.), Landscape Architecture Education History: Educators – Schools – Methods – Curricula (ECLASEuropean Council of Landscape Architecture Schools) (London: Routledge, forthcoming).

20 Michel Viollet, interview, op. cit. (note 9).

21 Topia, Pierre Donadieu, ‘Michel Viollet, paysagiste enseignant’, topia.fr/2020/06/03/michel-viollet/, accessed 15 December 2021.

22 Bernadette Blanchon-Caillot, ‘Les paysagistes français de 1945 à 1975: L’ouverture des espaces urbains’, Les Annales de la Recherche Urbaine 85 (1999), 20–29.

23 Michel Viollet, interview, op. cit. (note 9).

24 Olivier Millot, ‘Bonheurville à l’île de loisirs’, in: Lionel Engrand and Olivier Millot, Cergy-Pontoise: Formes et fictions d’une ville nouvelle (Paris: Édition du Pavillon de l’Arsenal, 2015), 156.

25 Michel Viollet, interview, op. cit. (note 9).

26 Olivier Millot, ‘Bonheurville à l’île de loisirs’, op. cit. (note 24).

27 Michel Viollet, interview, op. cit. (note 9).

28 API/SEBA, Plan directeur d’aménagement, rapport de synthèse (Cergy: Archives CACP, Centre de documentation sur l’urbanisme, 1975), CP661–1.

29 Michel Viollet, interview, op. cit. (note 9).

30 Ibid.

31 Ibid.

32 Ibid.

33 Ibid.

34 Ibid.

35 Ibid.

36 Sonia Keravel, Passeurs de paysages, le projet de paysage comme art relationnel (Geneva: MetisPresses, 2015).

37 Bertrand Warnier, Cergy-Pontoise du projet à la réalité, atlas commenté (Brussels: Mardaga, 2014).

38 Michel Viollet, interview, op. cit. (note 9).

39 Ibid.

40 Ibid.

41 API/SEBA, Plan directeur d’aménagement, rapport de synthèse (Cergy: Archives CACP, Centre de documentation sur l’urbanisme, 1975), CP661–1.

42 Ibid.

43 Telerama, Charlotte Fauve, ‘Grand Paris: la jungle de la Corniche à l’ombre des bulldozers’, telerama.fr/monde/ grand-paris-la-jungle-de-la-corniche-a-lombre-desbulldozers,n5681593.php, accessed July 2021.

44 La Corniche des Forts, Perrine Danmanville, ‘Une nouvelle promenade écologique au cœur de la Seine Saint Denis’, lacornichedesforts.fr/, accessed 27 November 2021.

45 Michel Viollet, interview, op. cit. (note 9).

46 Blanchon-Caillot, ‘Pratiques et compétences paysagistes dans les grands ensembles d’habitation, 1945–1975’, op. cit. (note 8), 46.

47 Ian McHarg, Design with Nature (New York: Natural History Press, 1969).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Suzanne Rey

Suzanne Rey graduated as a landscape architect from the École nationale supérieure de paysage in Versailles in 2020. She currently works at the landscape agency Artemise in Paris. In her master’s thesis, she examined the role of landscape architects in the design of the new town of Cergy-Pontoise, based on a field study and several interviews with landscape architects such as Michel Viollet, Bertrand Warnier and Alain Provost. This article stems from this research work.

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