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Peer Reviewed

Indoor Air Pollution in Archives: Temperature Dependent Emission of Formic Acid and Acetic Acid from Paper

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Pages 22-30 | Published online: 28 Dec 2020
 

ABSTRACT

The overwhelming majority of library and archival collections are kept in storage. Paper collections themselves are a source of formic acid and acetic acid within the storage room. This paper investigates the concentration of both organic acids in three storage facilities during summer and winter as well as their temperature-related off-gassing from six paper samples in a laboratory set-up.

The study reveals a basic pattern in the formation of formic and acetic acid which was notably higher in summer than in winter at all three storage sites. The temperature-dependent changes of formic acid and acetic acid level during the seasons correspond to the changes in off-gassing from the six paper samples determined at laboratory conditions. The study indicates that reducing the temperature in storage facilities of libraries and archival collections will reduce the off-gassing of organic acids from paper and by this their concentration in air.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die überwältigende Mehrheit der Bibliotheks- und Archivsammlungen wird in Magazinen aufbewahrt. In diesen Depots stellen die Papiersammlungen selbst eine Quelle für Ameisensäure und Essigsäure dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Konzentration der beiden organischen Säuren in drei Magazinräumen während des Sommers und Winters sowie deren temperaturbedingte Ausgasung aus sechs Papierproben in einem Laboraufbau.

Die Studie zeigt ein Grundmuster bei der Bildung von Ameisen- und Essigsäure, das an allen drei Lagerorten im Sommer deutlich höher war als im Winter. Die temperaturabhängigen Veränderungen des Ameisensäure- und Essigsäuregehalts während der Jahreszeiten entsprechen ebenfalls den unter Laborbedingungen ermittelten Veränderungen der Ausgasung aus den sechs Papierproben. Die Studie deutet darauf hin, dass eine Senkung der Temperatur in den Lagern von Bibliotheken und Archivsammlungen die Ausgasung organischer Säuren aus dem Papier und damit ihre Konzentration in der Luft verringern wird.

Authors

Signe Hjerrild Smedemark is a Ph.D. student at the School of Conservation in Copenhagen. Her Ph.D. Thesis is on the climate and air quality in storage facilities with heritage collections.

Morten Ryhl-Svendsen is Associate Professor at the School of Conservation in Copenhagen. His main area of research is preventive conservation.

Notes

1 This building no longer serves as an archive and the collection was moved to the main State Archive facility.

2 For example, a decline in organic acid concentration of 88% was measured for a storage room of the Danish Music Museum filled with wooden objects, when the temperature decreased from about 25°C in summer to 8°C in winter.

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