Sorptive Removal of Cesium-137 and Strontium-90 from Water by Unconventional Sorbents

Abstract

It has been shown that coal fly ash is a good adsorbent for both radionuclides of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr. Radiocesium adsorption is maximal around the neutral region whereas radiostrontium adsorption increases with pH, especially above pH 8. Cesium retention sharply drops with ionic strength while strontium adsorption increases sharply and steadily at low and moderate concentrations of the inert electrolyte, respectively. The suggested mechanisms of radionuclide retention by fly ash is specific adsorption of Cs⁺ and irreversible ion-exchange uptake of Sr²⁺. The isotherm of adsorption is a Langmuir approximation of the B.E.T. multi-layered sorption. Acid pretreatment of fly ash, though not increasing radionuclide sorption capacity, may be useful in preventing the leach-out of other contaminants from the sorbent into water during the adsorption process.

KEYWORDS:

• adsorption
• fly ash
• adsorbents
• solid wastes
• cesium-137
• strontium-90
• wastewater treatment
• radionuclide removal