Colorectal Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Perceived Benefits and Barriers, and Intentions Among College and University Employees

Abstract

Background: Early detection through routine screening is critical in reducing the incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine college and university employees' knowledge of CRC issues, their perceptions of the benefits of and barriers to CRC screening, and their intentions toward it. Methods: This study surveyed a targeted sample of 350 employees aged 45 and older and examined their knowledge of CRC issues and screening, their screening status, and group differences in perceptions about screening and in their intentions toward it. Results: Less than half of the participants answered correctly about CRC being one of the leading causes of cancer. The top perceived barriers were “fears,” followed by “doctor never recommended” and “preparation for the test is difficult.” A discriminant analysis revealed that individuals who had not been screened and those who did not intend to get screened perceived significantly more barriers. Discussion: Perceptions about screening appear to be a major determinant in CRC screening, regardless of knowledge. Translation to Health Education Practice: Further study using a representative sample of university employees may provide a clearer picture of the determinants of CRC screening so that specific health education interventions can be planned.

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Faculty Development Program, Summer Research Grant. The authors have no financial or other conflict of interest. The authors thank Dr. Miranda Kaye, assistant professor in the Department of Exercise Science, Ithaca College, for her help in the data analysis process.