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ARTICLES

Homeless Gay and Transgender Youth of Color in San Francisco: “No One Likes Street Kids”—Even in the Castro

Pages 223-242 | Received 15 Jan 2008, Accepted 25 May 2008, Published online: 14 Aug 2009
 

Abstract

This study, focused on five transgender and gay youth of color from San Francisco, explored how family problems, poverty, homophobia, and transphobia propelled them into homelessness and made gay-friendly spaces and resources especially meaningful to them. These young people describe seeking support in San Francisco's well-known gay enclave, the Castro District, to form community and find safety from a homophobic and transphobic world. This study also explored difficulties these youth face as homeless LGBTQ young people of color navigating this neighborhood, which is widely considered a safe haven for LGBTQ people. In the Castro, they experienced invisibility, police and community harassment, sexualization, and commodification. Finally, this article examined how participation in a visible gay neighborhood contributed to their vulnerability yet offered marginally housed transgender and gay youth of color an important space to explore their identities.

Este artículo, centrado en cinco jóvenes gay y transgénero de color de San Francisco, exploró cómo los problemas familiares, la pobreza, la homofobia y la transfobia, los han llevado a quedarse sin hogar y a buscar lugares que acepten a las personas gays y a buscar recursos especialmente significativos para ellos. Estos jóvenes describen la búsqueda de apoyo en el conocido enclave gay, el Distrito Castro, para formar una comunidad y encontrar seguridad ante un mundo homofóbico y transfóbico. Este estudio también exploró las dificultades que estos jóvenes enfrentan como juventud LGBTC de color sin hogar, que navega esta zona, considerada ampliamente un lugar seguro para la comunidad LGBTC. En Castro, experimentaron invisibilidad, acoso de la comunidad y la policía, sexualización y mercantilización. Finalmente, este artículo examina cómo la participación en un barrio visiblemente gay contribuyó a su vulnerabilidad, a la vez que ofreció a jóvenes marginados gay y transgénero de color un espacio importante para explorar sus identidades.

Este artigo aborda cinco pessoas, dentre elas, transgêneros e jovens gays de cor, em São Francisco (Califórnia, EUA), e explora a forma como problemas familiares, pobreza, homofobia, e transfobia, acarretaram na sua expulsão de casa - e consequente estado de destituição de um lar (“homelessness”) - e tornou especialmente significativos para essas pessoas os recursos e espaços “gay-friendly”. Esses jovens descrevem a sua busca por segurança e o apoio para a criação de uma comunidade no bem conhecido enclave gay daquela cidade, o “Castro”. Este estudo igualmente explora as dificuldades com que se depararam esses jovens enquanto pessoas LGBTQ de cor e “sem teto” (“homeless”) no Castro, considerado um porto seguro para pessoas LGBTQ. Ali, experimentaram a invisibilidade, os assédios policial e da comunidade, e a sexualização. Por fim, este artigo examina como a participação em uma comunidade gay visível - como é o caso do Castro - contribui para a vulnerabilidade daqueles jovens, ainda que lhes tenha sido oferecido um importante espaço para a exploração de suas identidades.

Notes

1. To understand the contemporary struggle over who “belonged” in the Castro, I did historical analysis of how Castro became a “Gay Mecca.” Racial, gender, and economic privilege structures enabled gay people to claim the Castro as a gay neighborhood and created the predominantly white, middle class, gay male space it is today. Through content analysis of newspaper reports, editorials, and letters to the editor focused on the Castro shelter plan, I analyzed the construction of the “homeless youth problem,” including contestations over the meaning of the Castro and which LGBTQ people warranted community inclusion.

2. Stacey points to the multilayered oppression facing transgender women of color, who experience extreme discrimination, low levels of education, and high levels of poverty. Many MTF women of color who engage in sex work in San Francisco report sex work as the only employment option they have, and other transwomen sex workers as their only supportive community (CitationSausa, Keatley, & Operario, 2007).

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