From the seat of a traditional Kingdom to a Garden city: the socio-spatial politics of managing green areas in Kumasi, Ghana

Abstract

Established in 1817, Kumasi, Ghana’s second largest city was accorded the accolade ‘Garden city of West Africa’ in the 1940s due to its beautiful green areas. Over its 200 years of existence, the city’s development and morphology has been greatly shaped by its strong cultural, traditional and socio-political antecedents, rooted in its establishment as an important fortress of the Ashanti Kingdom. Today, Kumasi has lost its ‘Garden city’ accolade owing to poor management of these ‘green areas’. This paper argues that the challenges of managing open spaces in Kumasi can be explained by the city’s strong historical foundations and socio-political conflicts between indigenous/customary land ownership and state urban planning regime. Situated within the city’s historical and socio-political contexts, the study draws on multiple qualitative methods including: document review, institutional consultations, key informant interviews, and field observations, to gather evidences. The paper reveals, that central to the problem of managing open spaces in Kumasi are the city’s strong customary land ownership structures and socio-political history of conflicts between its traditional set-up and state officialdom. These conflicts are continuously being shaped by a complex state institutional framework, customary and communal land ownership structure.

Keywords:

• Garden city
• open spaces
• urban planning
• customary ownership
• Kumasi

Notes

1. The King of the Asante State/Kingdom. The occupant of this revered position carries the title Otumfour and is seen as the owner of all the lands and other natural resources in the Asante state.

2. The symbol of authority of the Asantehene – the King of the Asante Kingdom.