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Abstract
The study of annoying tourist behaviors is timely as key destinations in Asia welcome large waves of new arrivals. In this study in Macao, 728 respondents—half of whom were tourists and the other half local residents—provided ratings of the perceived frequency and levels of annoyance of 40 potentially problematic behaviors. The behaviors studied were identified by a two-step, inclusive, emic and conceptually driven process and classified with a new framework. The results provided evidence that a few select behaviors (smoking in public, spitting and littering, not flushing toilets, abusing service personnel) were both highly annoying and frequent. An action grid was developed to illustrate the behaviors across these two measurements. Most undesirable behaviors studied are not yet widely prevailing in Macao but these annoying behaviors could pose potential threat to stakeholders as the number of tourist arrivals continued to increase. The authors also linked the findings with numerous theories in the literature including those of cultural convergence, personal relevance, and self-serving biases in attribution. Communities seeking to manage less desirable behaviors can build their strategies based on these kinds of empirical findings.
到访亚洲主要目的地的旅客人数不断增加，关于旅客恼人行为的研究变得非常必要。本研究在澳门进行，调查了七百二十八位受访者，其中旅客和当地居民各占一半。受访人士就他们对四十项潜在的问题行为的感知频率和干扰程度作出评价。我们以二步、包容性的、主位及概念驱动的过程找出问题行为，并以新的框架将之分类。结果显示，受访者认为以下行为是非常恼人和常见的，包括在公共场所吸烟、随地吐痰和乱抛垃圾、不冲厕所及侮辱服务人员。大部分不受欢迎的行为在澳门尚不十分普遍，但随着游客人数持续上升，这些恼人行为将对利益相关者构成潜在威胁。此外，作者将本文的研究结果结合有关文献进行了探讨，包括文化趋同、个人关联及自利归因偏误等理论，各个地方亦可借鉴本文的研究成果来制定合适的管理不受欢迎行为的策略。