Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Associated with Ingestion of Pan Masala

Abstract

A severe iron deficiency state and problematic upper gastrointestinal irritation developed in an adult female who ingested pan masala that included fennel seed and betel nut. This illness illustrates the potential complexity of clinical presentation when mixtures of herbal contents are ingested. Clinical history-taking should routinely consider the potential importance of traditional customs.

KEYWORDS:

• pan masala
• toxicity
• iron deficiency
• anemia
• betel
• fennel