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Abstract
Jesuit higher education takes place today in an increasingly globalised world. These reflections will focus on the implications of the commitment to justice for such education. The challenge of responding to poverty and displacement will give concrete focus to the discussion.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes on Contributor
David Hollenbach, S.J. is Pedro Arrupe Distinguished Research Professor in the Walsh School of Foreign Service and Senior Fellow of the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. His teaching and research deal with human rights, religious and ethical responses to humanitarian crises, and religion in political life from the standpoint of Catholic social thought, theology, and the social sciences. His most recent book, to be published in late-2019, is Humanity in Crisis: Ethical and Religious Response to Refugees (Georgetown University Press).
Notes
1 Keohane and Nye (Citation2000, 104–119).
2 For an in-depth analysis of the diverse dimensions of globalisation, see Held et al. (Citation1999). Similar though not identical dimensions of globalisation are distinguished and analysed in Nye and Donahue (Citation2000), Part One, "Trends in Globalization."
3 Jose Mesa (Citation2013). Mesa see Jesuit educational efforts as rooted in a living tradition.’ This essay highlights the life brought to the tradition by it encounter with the emerging processes of growing global integration and the challenges that accompany them.
4 See Appendix
5 See, for example, Constitutions of the Society of Jesus, nos. 618 and 623. See also O’ Malley (Citation1984).
6 The reductions were established by the Jesuits in Paraguay in the early seventeenth century as permanent settlements or gatherings (reducciones) among the Guarani people in Peru and neighbouring regions. They aimed to protect the indigenous people from slavery, to enable them to support themselves effectively, and to lead them to Christianity. The ultimate conflicts between those in the reductions and the Spanish and Portuguese colonial powers contributed to what became the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773. For a helpful sketch of the innovative cross-cultural roles played by the early Jesuits, see O’Malley (Citation2014), esp. chaps. 2 and 3.
7 Constitutions of the Society of Jesus, no. 622.
8 See Rahner (Citation1979, 716–727).
9 32nd General Congregation of the Society of Jesus, Decree 4, no. 1.
10 Decree 3 of the 35th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus, 2008, is titled “Challenges to Our Mission Today: Sent to the Frontiers,” online at: http://www.sjweb.info/35/documents/Decrees.pdf
11 Adolfo Nicolas, SJ, Remarks on “Networking Jesuit Higher Education: Shaping the Future for a Humane, Just, Sustainable Globe” Mexico City, April 23, Citation2010, part 2, “Re-discovering universality.” The internal quotes are from General Congregation 35.
12 J. Bryan Hehir, "Overview," in Religion and World Affairs, proceedings of a conference organised by the DACOR Bacon House Foundation, Oct. 6, 1995, 15.
13 The author has spent a number of semesters as a visiting professor at the Jesuit-sponsored Hekima University College in Nairobi, Kenya, and has also served as a consultant in ethics and theology to Jesuit Refugee Service and Catholic Relief Services in several African contexts and in the United States as well.
14 See 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, Article 1, “Definition of the Term ‘Refugee,’” online at: http://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html
15 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Global Trends 2017, 2, online: https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/statistics/unhcrstats/5b27be547/unhcr-global-trends-2017.html?query=Global%20Trends .
16 World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Data Portal, online: http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/home/. For encouraging studies of the reductions in global poverty, see Angus Deaton (Citation2013), and Steven Radelet (Citation2015).
17 Pope Francis, Evangelii Gaudium, Apostolic Exortation of 23 November, Citation2013, no. 53. Online at: http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html.
18 World Bank Group, Taking on Inequality: Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016, p. 4. online: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/25078/9781464809583.pdf
19 National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Economic Justice for All: Pastoral Letter on Catholic Social Teaching and the U.S. Economy (1986), no. 77, emphasis in the original, in O’Brien and Shannon, eds., Catholic Social Thought, 576–577.
20 John Paul II, Centesimus Annus, no. 33.
21 John XXIII, Pacem in Terris, no.135.
22 See John XXIII, Pacem in Terris, nos.135–138.
23 Anne Marie Slaughter (Citation2004), 19–22 and 10.
24 Michael J. Buckley (Citation1982, Citation1992).
25 See the recent letter by the Superior General of the Jesuits, Arturo Sosa, SJ, reaffirming the importance of the work of JRS in the overall mission of the society of Jesus, “Renewed commitment of the Jesuit Refugee Service,” Rome, 24 May 2019, online at: https://jrs.net/news/renewed-commitment-of-the-jesuit-refugee-service-a-letter-from-the-superior-general/
26 The US has not ratified the treaty because it feels it needs land mines to defend South Korea from threats coming from North Korea.