Footfall patterns during barefoot running on harder and softer surfaces

Abstract

It has been suggested that the development of a thick, soft midsole of running shoes over the past 30 years has been primarily responsible for the majority of runners adopting a rearfoot or heel-toe footfall pattern thus deviating from a more ‘natural’ forefoot pattern. The purpose of this study was to determine the freely chosen footfall pattern when running barefoot on a harder versus a softer surface. Forty habitual rearfoot runners performed two running conditions: barefoot over a harder surface and barefoot over a softer surface. Three-dimensional motion analysis and ground reaction force data were collected to measure the ankle angle, vertical impact peak and strike index. The kinematic and kinetic parameters were used to confirm the footfall pattern in each condition. Only 20% per cent of the participants ran with a midfoot or forefoot pattern on the soft surface whereas 65% of the participants ran with a midfoot or forefoot pattern when running on the hard surface. Out of the 80% of participants that maintained a rearfoot pattern on the soft surface, 43% of these participants ran with a midfoot or forefoot pattern on the hard surface. These results suggest that, while running barefoot, the hardness of the running surface may be a significant factor causing an alteration in a runner's footfall pattern.

Keywords:

• barefoot running
• footfall patterns
• surfaces
• forefoot running
• midfoot running
• footfall pattern selection
• footstrike

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a grant from Brooks® Sports, Inc, Seattle, WA (USA). Authors Hamill and Brüggemann currently have a grant (P/C S18200000000212) from Brooks Running, Inc. Authors Gruber and Freedman Silvernail are post-doctoral fellows employed on the grant to the University of Massachusetts. Author Rohr is an employee of Brooks Running, Inc.