Recursive bivariate response models of the ex-ante intentions to link perceived acceptability among charge and refund options for alternative road pricing schemes

Abstract

Road pricing (RP) is currently under development as a way to mitigate the acute traffic congestion in Jakarta. The RP has been recognized as a powerful tool in delivering efficient road use. Despite of a well-established rationale that tackled congestion, RP policy faces lack of public support and is seen rather controversial due to charge required to enter charging zone. To encounter shortcomings of RP, we introduce a parking deposit system (PDS) as an alternative. The PDS is based on refunds to car users. Refunds are offered only on parking fees or as discounts on purchases within the charging zone. Thus, this paper explores the key influences and the extent to which RP and PDS schemes are acceptable to the public. Taking into account citizen’s consciousness based on a fictitious voting conducted in Jakarta, we estimated recursive simultaneous bivariate voting models to link perceived acceptability among RP and PDS bundles. We found that there is a complementary relationship between acceptance and consciousness, with PDS offers better approval and there is a substantially strong link between voting intentions and perceived acceptability.

Keywords:

• Road pricing
• ex-ante intentions
• perceived acceptability
• parking deposit system
• charges
• refunds
• Jakarta