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Articles

Theorizing Normative Power in European Union-Israeli/Palestinian Relations: Focus of this Special Issue

Pages 321-334 | Published online: 23 Dec 2018
 

Abstract

This article provides a theoretical perspective on the question of how EU-Israeli/Palestinian relations should be conceived 50 years after the occupation. The article sets out how a critical social theory of normative power could be seen as a way both of analyzing and changing these relations. According to Craig Calhoun, critical social theory should be seen as an ‘interpenetrating body of work which demands and produces critique… [that] depends on some manner of historical understanding and analysis.’ The normative power approach represents a critical social theory in that it seeks to be explanatory, practical, and normative, all at the same time. The article suggests how these criteria may be applied to the study of EU-Israeli/Palestinian relations and their consequences, 50 years after the occupation.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes

1 European External Action Service (Citation2016) Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy, pp. 34–35 (Brussels: European External Action Service).

2 Ian Williams (Citation2006) Annan’s Principled Pragmatism.’ The Nation, December 28, 2006. Available at https://www.thenation.com/article/annans-principled-pragmatism/, accessed December 20, 2017; The Economist (2007) The Spirit of Principled Pragmatism: Ban Ki-moon Suggests Three Priorities for the World in 2008, November 15, 2007. Available at: http://www.economist.com/node/10120161, accessed December 20, 2017. See also discussion of practicing ‘pragmatic principles’ in Sonia Lucarelli & Ian Manners (Citation2006) Conclusion: Valuing Principles in European Union Foreign Policy, in S. Lucarelli & I. Manners (eds) Values and Principles in European Union Foreign Policy (London: Routledge), p. 214.

3 Ian Manners (Citation2011) The European Union’s Normative Power: Critical Perspectives and Perspectives on the Critical, in: Richard G. Whitman (ed.) Normative Power Europe: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives (London: Palgrave), p. 230.

4 Craig Calhoun (Citation1995) Critical Social Theory: Culture, History, and the Challenge of Difference (Oxford: Blackwell), p. 35.

5 I. Manners (Citation2007) Another Europe is Possible: Critical Perspectives on European Union Politics, in: Knud Erik Jørgensen, Mark A. Pollack & Ben Rosamond (eds) Handbook of European Union Politics, pp. 77–95 (London: Sage Publications); I. Manners (Citation2016) A Critical Copenhagen Reflection on the European Union as a Global Actor, in: Anja K. Franck & Fredrik Söderbaum (eds) The EU as a Global Actor: ‘A Force for Good’ in the World?, pp. 75–90 (Gothenburg: Centre for European Research, CERGU).

6 See further I. Manners (Citation2000a) Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? COPRI Working Paper 38-2000 (Copenhagen: Copenhagen Peace Research Institute); idem (2000b) Europe and the World: The Impact of Globalisation, in Anne Stevens & Richard Sakwa (eds) Contemporary Europe, pp. 182–201 (Basingstoke: Macmillan); I. Manners & R. Whitman (Citation2003) The ‘Difference Engine’: Constructing and Representing the International Identity of the European Union, Journal of European Public Policy, 10(3), pp. 380–404; I. Manners (Citation2006) European Union, Normative Power and Ethical Foreign Policy, in D. Chandler & V. Heins (eds) Rethinking Ethical Foreign Policy: Pitfalls, Possibilities and Paradoxes, pp. 116–136 (London: Routledge); Andrea Pető & I. Manners (Citation2006) The European Union and the Value of Gender Equality, in S. Lucarelli & I. Manners (eds) Values and Principles in European Union Foreign Policy, pp. 97–113 (London: Routledge).

7 I. Manners (Citation2002) Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), pp. 235–258.

8 I. Manners (Citation2008) The Normative Ethics of the European Union, International Affairs, 84(1), pp. 65–66.

9 Markus Bouillon (Citation2004) The Peace Business: Money and Power in the Palestine-Israel Conflict (London: I.B. Tauris); and Oren Yiftachel (Citation2006) Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine (Philadelphia PA: University of Pennsylvania Press).

10 Giulia Daniele (Citation2014) Women, Reconciliation and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Road Not Yet Taken (London: Routledge); and Jess Bier (Citation2017) Mapping Israel, Mapping Palestine: How Occupied Landscapes Shape Scientific Knowledge (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).

11 Jan Busse (Citation2015) Theorizing Governance as Globalized Governmentality: The Dynamics of World-Societal Order in Palestine, Middle East Critique, 24(2), pp. 161–189; and Jaafar Alloul (Citation2016) Signs of Visual Resistance in Palestine: Unsettling the Settler-Colonial Matrix, Middle East Critique, 25(1), pp. 23–44.

12 Robert Cox (Citation1981) Social Forces, States and World Order: Beyond International Relations Theory, Millennium, 10(2), p. 128; Catherine Hoskyns (Citation2004) Gender Perspectives, in: A. Wiener & Thomas Diez (eds) European Integration Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 224; and I. Manners, Another Europe is Possible, p. 78.

13 I. Manners (Citation2013) European Communion: Political Theory of European Union, Journal of European Public Policy, 20(4), pp. 473–494.

14 Michelle Pace (Citation2007) The Construction of EU Normative Power, Journal of Common Market Studies, 45(5), pp. 1041–1064; Idem (2009) Paradoxes and Contradictions in EU Democracy Promotion in the Mediterranean: The Limits of EU Normative Power, Democratization, 16(1), pp. 39–58; T. Diez & M. Pace (Citation2011) Normative Power Europe and Conflict Transformation, in: R. Whitman (ed.) Normative Power Europe: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives, pp. 210–255 (London: Palgrave).

15 Guy Harpaz (Citation2007) Normative Power Europe and the Problem of a Legitimacy Deficit: An Israeli Perspective, European Foreign Affairs Review, 12(1), pp. 89–109; G. Harpaz & Asaf Shamis (Citation2010) Normative Power Europe and the State of Israel: An Illegitimate EUtopia?, Journal of Common Market Studies, 48(3), pp. 579–616.

16 I. Manners (Citation2010) As You Like It: European Union Normative Power in the European Neighbourhood Policy, in R. Whitman & S. Wolff (eds) The European Neighbourhood Policy in Perspective: Context, Implementation and Impact, pp. 29–50 (London: Palgrave).

17 Daniela Huber (Citation2011) Normative Power Europe? The EU’s Foreign Policy of Democracy Promotion in the Palestinian Authority, Working Paper 98/2011 (Jerusalem: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung).

18 Sharon Pardo (Citation2015) Normative Power Europe Meets Israel: Perceptions and Realities (Lexington KY: Lexington Books); Neve Gordon & S. Pardo (Citation2015) Normative Power Europe and the Power of the Local, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 53(2), pp. 416–427.

19 Patricia Bauer (Citation2015) The European Mediterranean Policy after the Arab Spring: Beyond Values and Interests, Middle East Critique, 24(1), pp. 27–40.

20 Anders Persson (Citation2014) The EU and the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict 1971–2013: In Pursuit of a Just Peace (Lexington KY: Lexington Books); Idem (2017) Shaping Discourse and Setting Examples: Normative Power Europe can Work in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(6), pp. 1415–1431.

21 I. Manners, Critical Perspectives and Perspectives on the Critical, pp. 226–227.

22 John Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, & Anne Philips (Citation2008) Introduction, in J. Dryzek, B. Honig & A. Philips (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory, pp. 3–41 (Oxford: Oxford University Press); and M. Cochran (Citation1999) Normative Theory in International Relations: A Pragmatic Approach, p. 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

23 I. Manners, Normative Ethics of the European Union, p. 67; and I. Manners, European Communion, p. 483.

24 Catarina Kinnvall & Paul Nesbitt-Larking (Citation2011) The Political Psychology of Globalization: Muslims in the West (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 92; Bonnie Honig (Citation2006) Another Cosmopolitianism? Law and Politics in the New Europe, in S. Benhabib & R. Post (eds) Another Cosmopolitanism (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 117; and James Ingram (Citation2013) Radical Cosmopolitics: The Ethics and Politics of Democratic Universalism (New York: Columbia University Press), p. 18.

25 Deiniol Jones, Cosmopolitan Mediation? Conflict Resolution and the Oslo Accords (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999).

26 Peter Seeberg (Citation2010) Union for the Mediterranean—Pragmatic Multilateralism and the Depoliticization of EU-Middle Eastern Relations, Middle East Critique, 19(3), pp. 287–302; M. Pace & P. Seeberg (eds) (2013) The European Union's Democratization Agenda in the Mediterranean (London: Routledge); and P. Seeberg (Citation2015) Regime Adaptability and Political Reconfigurations Following the Arab Spring: New Challenges for EU Foreign Policies Toward the Mediterranean, Middle East Critique, 25(1), pp. 41–53.

27 P. Bauer (ed.) (Citation2014) Arab Spring Challenges for Democracy and Security in the Mediterranean (London: Routledge).

28 Tariq Dana (Citation2015) The Structural Transformation of Palestinian Civil Society: Key Paradigm Shifts, Middle East Critique, 24(2), pp. 191–210.

29 Robert Cox (Citation1981) Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations, Millennium, 10(2), pp. 128–129; and Martin Hollis & Steve Smith (Citation1991) Explaining and Understanding International Relations (Oxford: Clarendon).

30 I. Manners, European Communion.

31 Elvira King (Citation2016) The Pro-Israel Lobby in Europe: The Politics of Religion and Christian Zionism in the European Union (London: I.B. Tauris).

32 Raffaella Del Sarto (Citation2015) Borders, Power and Interdependence: A borderlands Approach to Israel-Palestine and the European Union, in: R. Del Sarto (ed.) Fragmented Borders, Interdependence and External Relations: The Israel-Palestine-European Union Triangle, pp. 4 & 6 (London: Palgrave).

33 R. Del Sarto (Citation2017) Israel under Siege: The Politics of Insecurity and the Rise of the Israeli Neo-Revisionist Right (Washington DC: Georgetown University Press).

34 Francesco Cavatorta (Citation2010) The Convergence of Governance: Upgrading Authoritarianism in the Arab World and Downgrading Democracy Elsewhere?, in Middle East Critique, 19(3), p. 218.

35 Sean McMahon (Citation2016) Temporality, Peace Initiatives and Palestinian-Israeli Politics, Middle East Critique, 25(1), pp. 5–21.

36 Max Horkheimer (Citation1972) Critical Theory: Selected Essays, pp. 198–199 (New York: Continuum).

37 S. Pardo & Joel Peters (Citation2009) Uneasy Neighbors: Israel and the European Union (Lexington KY: Lexington Books), p. 4.

38 Dimitris Bouris (Citation2013) The European Union and Occupied Palestinian Territories: State-building Without a State (London: Routledge).

39 Amr Nasr El-Din (Citation2017) EU Security Missions and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (London: Routledge), p. 138.

40 Benedetta Voltolini (Citation2017) Lobbying in EU Foreign Policy-making: The case of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, pp. 34–35 (London: Routledge).

41 Marc Levine (Citation2013) Theorizing Revolutionary Practice: Agendas for Research on the Arab Uprisings, in Middle East Critique, 22(3), pp. 191–212.

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