Assessment of the dietary habits and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in primary school children

Abstract

Thirty Italian children, 7–9 year aged, living in Naples were investigated on their dietary habits and on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure by a food diary-questionnaire and one week duplicate diet sample analyses. Daily total food consumption mean value was 632 ± 215 g day⁻¹, median value 613 g day⁻¹. The daily energy intake and the diet composition meanly agreed with the official guidelines for the Italian children. Sixteen PAHs were simultaneously detected and, according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approach, benzo[a]pyrene; benzo[a]pyrene + chrysene (PAH2); PAH2 + benz[a]anthracene + benzo[b]fluoranthene (PAH4); PAH4 + benzo[k]fluoranthene + benzo[ghi]perylene + dibenz[a, h]anthracene + indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (PAH8) were considered in evaluating the children's dietary exposure to PAHs. The benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) median concentrations in foods varied from 0.06 to 0.33 µg kg⁻¹. Only three samples of cooked foods (one fish and two meat samples) exceeded legal limits fixed by the European Union for BaP. Daily median intakes of benzo[a]pyrene, PAH2, PAH4, and PAH8 were 153; 318; 990; 1776 ng day⁻¹; their median exposure values were 5; 10; 28; 54 ng kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹. The Margins of Exposure (MOEs) in median consumers agreed with the EFSA safety values except for PAH8.

Keywords:

• duplicate diets
• exposure
• high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
• polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)