Estimate of the theoretical maximum daily intake of Sunset Yellow FCF by the Brazilian population

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) of Sunset Yellow (SY) synthetic food dye by the Brazilian population through food consumption data from the Household Budget Survey (HBS) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2008/09). The study covered the population in urban and rural areas in the five regions of the country, and from different age groups, in order to verify if it were possible to exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of SY, which is 4.0 mg kg^–1 body weight. This was assessed by cross-checking food products containing this dye from the largest supermarket chains in Brazil with data from the HBS-IBGE 2008/09. These data showed that the average consumption of SY per capita did not exceed the ADI in any of the aforementioned population groups. However, when considering food consumption in urban and rural areas (279 and 260 mg of SY day^–1), in the five regions of the country (260–338 mg of SY day^–1), and for adolescents (332 mg SY day^–1), it is noted that part of the population could be exceeding the recommended ADI, which may pose health risks. Although it is unlikely that individuals will exceed the SY ADI, this may occur in some cases, especially for younger people.

KEYWORDS:

• Sunset Yellow FCF
• acceptable daily intake
• dye
• additive

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq; process number 477059/2013-9]; and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) (scholarship) for which the authors are grateful