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Articles

A conceptual framework for the collection of food products in a Total Diet Study

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Pages 171-190 | Received 04 Jun 2017, Accepted 25 Aug 2017, Published online: 31 Oct 2017
 

ABSTRACT

A total diet study (TDS) provides representative and realistic data for assessing the dietary intake of chemicals, such as contaminants and residues, and nutrients, at a population level. Reproducing the diet through collection of customarily consumed foods and their preparation as habitually eaten is crucial to ensure representativeness, i.e., all relevant foods are included and all potential dietary sources of the substances investigated are captured. Having this in mind, a conceptual framework for building a relevant food-shopping list was developed as a research task in the European Union’s 7th Framework Program project, ‘Total Diet Study Exposure’ (TDS-Exposure), aimed at standardising methods for food sampling, analyses, exposure assessment calculations and modelling, priority foods, and selection of chemical contaminants. A stepwise approach following the knowledge translation (KT) model for concept analysis is proposed to set up a general protocol for the collection of food products in a TDS in terms of steps (characterisation of the food list, development of the food-shopping list, food products collection) and pillars (background documentation, procedures, and tools). A simple model for structuring the information in a way to support the implementation of the process, by presenting relevant datasets, forms to store inherent information, and folders to record the results is also proposed. Reproducibility of the process and possibility to exploit the gathered information are two main features of such a system for future applications.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Notes

1. European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures. http://www.esfri.eu/.

2. European Food Safety Authority. The EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/food-consumption/comprehensive-database.

3. See, e.g., U.S. Department of Health & Human Services NIH National Institute on Aging. USA. Available at https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/whats-your-plate/food-safety-when-cooking [accessed 2017 Oct 7]; Food and Drug Administration. Science and Our Food Supply: Investigating Food Safety from Farm to Table. USA. Available at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/FoodScienceResearch/ToolsMaterials/UCM430367.pdf [accessed 2017 Oct 7]; NIDIRECT government service. USA. Available at https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/preparing-food-safely [accessed 2017 Oct 7]; Food and Environmental Hygiene Department. How to implement a Food Safety Plan. Hong Kong. Available at http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/programme/programme_haccp/files/fspbke.pdf [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

4. European Commission. Food Safety: Overview. Available at http://ec.europa.eu/food/ [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

5. The minimum sample size n0 can be calculated considering the distribution of the mean statistics in the universe of samples using the half-size of the confidence interval at p=0.95 considering the mean normally distributed around the true mean in the population and a desirable half-size of 10%, i.e., (δ = 0.1 * ): δ = 1.96 * , so if the number of observed consumers of the specific food category is nc< n0 the estimate has not sufficient subjects and it is plausible to aggregate it to another one to achieve the statistical significance .

6. The report ‘Food and Drinks Trend 2017’ is available at http://www.mintel.com/global-food-and-drink-trends.

7. GS1-Global System. Need a GS1 Barcode https://www.gs1.org//need-gs1-barcode [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

8. Food and Drug Administration. Food Label and Package Survey 2006 - 2007. USA. Available at http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodScienceResearch/ConsumerBehaviorResearch/ucm275404.htm [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

9. Food and Drug Administration. Food Label and Package Survey 2006–2007. USA. Available at http://survey-fast.com.ve/detalle_publicaciones.asp?co_clasif_pub=33&id=280&lang=2 [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

10. LanguaL. The International Framework for Food Description. Available at www.langual.org [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

11. USDA United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. Branded Food Products Database. Available at https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/nutrient-data-laboratory/docs/usda-branded-food-products-database/ [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

12. EFSA – European Food Safety Authority. Access to an on-line food labels database covering food and drink products from different EU Member States. Available at https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/tenders/tender/170208 [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

13. Science Daily. Photos show promise as dietary assessment tool, but more training needed. Available at https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170307130807.htm [accessed 2017 Oct 7].

14. Once filled in save the file into the Background folder, naming it Nx) country code(2 digits) date (YYYYMMDD) – specific file – substance (- item).

15. Once filled in save the file into the Outputs folder, naming it Tx) country code(2 digits) date (YYYYMMDD) – specific file – substance (- item).

Additional information

Funding

The TDS-Exposure was funded by the EC’s Program (FP7/2012-2016) under grant agreement no. 289108.

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