Determination of benzo[α]pyrene in edible oil using tetraoxocalix[2]arene[2]triazine bonded silica SPE sorbent

ABSTRACT

Benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) is a well-known carcinogen in edible oil. In this study, a method combined solid-phase extraction (SPE) with fluorescent detection was developed using tetraoxocalix[2]arene[2]triazine sorbent (SiO₂-OCA) for the clean-up and enrichment of BaP. The interaction between SiO₂-OCA and BaP involves a donor–acceptor complex mechanism. The experimental procedure was as follows: BaP was extracted from edible oil with DMF/H₂O (9:1, v/v). Then, the ratio of DMF/H₂O was adjusted to 1:2 prior to SPE. The final concentrate was analysed using a fluorescence detector at excitation and emission wavelengths of 255 and 420 nm. The method was fully validated. The linearity was in the range of 0.1–100 μg kg⁻¹ with a coefficient of 0.999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.03 and 0.1 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. The average recoveries were in the range of 88.0 − 122.3%. The intraday and interday precisions were 6.8% and 9.2%, respectively. Compared with other methods, the method reported in this article shows a good detection limit, high reproducibility and recovery and linearity over a broad concentration range. This established method was also applied to evaluate real samples. The concentration of six tested samples was below 5 μg kg⁻¹.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Benzo[α]pyrene
• edible oil
• solid-phase extraction
• tetraoxocalix[2]arene[2]triazine

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [21675040, 21775140], the Plan for Scientific Innovation Talent of Henan Province [184200510019].