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Articles

Investigation of the effect of refining on the presence of targeted mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons in coconut oil

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 392-403 | Received 13 Oct 2022, Accepted 20 Dec 2022, Published online: 06 Jan 2023
 

Abstract

The goal of this work was to investigate the impact of refining on coconut oil particularly on the most toxicologically relevant fraction of the mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbon (MOAH) contamination, namely the fraction composed by the three to seven aromatic rings. A fully integrated platform consisting of a liquid chromatography (LC), a comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography (GC) (LC-GC × GC) and flame ionization detector (FID) was used to obtained a more detailed characterization of the MOAH sub-classes distribution. The revised EN pr 16995:2017-08 official method was used for preparing the samples, both with and without the auxiliary epoxidation step. Crude coconut oil was spiked with different MOAH standards, namely naphthalenes, alkylated naphthalenes, benzo(a)pyrene, and its alkylated homologues. Refining was modelled by deodorization at 230 °C, stripping with 10 kg/h of steam under 1 mbar vacuum for 3 h. Complete removal of the naphthalenes and reduction of more than 98.8% of the benzo(a)pyrenes was observed. Epoxidation had a significant impact on the MOAH fraction with more than three rings, but with a high dependency on the sample matrix, being significantly less evident in the refined samples than in the crude ones.

Acknowledgments

GP and GB thank LECO and Restek for their support. This article is based upon work from the Sample Preparation Study Group and Network, supported by the Division of Analytical Chemistry of the European Chemical Society.

Disclosure statement

GP and GB have received support from the co-authors’institutions to perform the analysis but there was no interference on the results. ACS and FL have have received support from the co-authors’institutions to refine the coconut oil. DR, CB, IB, FC, AC, AC, RZ have declared no conflict of interest

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