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Abstract
In presence, there is a crucial demand to produce electrodialysis (ED) modules customized for specific applications in order to take full advantage of membrane modifications and different module constructions and arrangements. Goal of this work was to examine and describe ways to develop ED modules and their components with the emphasis on the special use they are intended for. The possibilities of how to do this are e.g. the use of low-cost alternatives of ion-exchange membranes and other materials, unusual structuring of membrane stack or hydraulic streams, the use of tortuous spacers to achieve deep desalination in single-pass flow regime, or stack modification in order to get high concentration in concentrate stream. These modifications could help to optimize efficiency and costs of the ED technology and performance, and to extend the application field of the process of ED.
Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic within the framework of the project “Research, development and application of new generation electromembrane modules” program TIP No. FR-TI4/398, using the infrastructure of the Membrane Innovation Centre (No. CZ 1.05/2.1.00/03.0084).
Notes
Presented at the MELPRO 2014 Conference Membrane and Electromembrane Processes, 18–21 May 2014, Prague, Czech Republic