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Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate rainwater quality in the city of Khorramabad in western Iran for one year at four stations using specific parameters described herein. In addition, multivariate statistics are applied to determine the primary factors that affect rainwater quality as well as the relationships among the water quality parameters used in analyzing the samples. Total dissolved solids, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, carbonate and noncarbonate hardness, magnesium and calcium hardness, calcium and magnesium cations, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, biological quality using the most probable number per 100 mL (total and fecal mpn/100 ml)and indole methyl-red Voges-Proskauer citrate (IMViC) tests were analyzed by employing standard methods. The results showed that collected rainwater had acceptable physicochemical qualities but did not meet Iranian requirements for drinking water. Approximately 62.5 and 50% of obtained samples had detectable values of total coliforms and fecal coliforms, respectively. Klebsiella pneumuniae was the most widely detected bacteria after the IMViC test was performed on the majority of samples. Extracted sums of squared loadings for first, second, and third components were 52.64, 18.99, and 8.7% of variance, respectively. To confirm the associations between the variables in the total data-set, cluster analyses (CA) were performed on the measured variables, which showed adequate agreement between results obtained by unsupervised factor analyses and CA, and further confirmed the conclusions about the complete data-set. We can conclude that these data-sets are valuable references for harvesting and managing rainwater, especially at the area analyzed in this study.
Acknowledgment
The authors gratefully acknowledge Mrs Zahra Surilaki and Mrs Sadigheh Rahmani for their help with sampling.