Teachers’ responsiveness to students’ gestured candidate responses in whole-class STEM interactions

ABSTRACT

We contribute a preiously unidentified way representational gestures are used to organise participation and the co-construction of knowledge in whole-class interactions in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) classrooms. Drawing on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis (EMCA), we characterise students’ gestured candidate responses and how teachers respond to them. To answer teachers’ questions, students sometimes use representational gestures to provide silent, ‘off-the-record’ tentative responses that we call gestured candidate responses (GCRs). Teachers can respond to GCRs by ratifying or declining students’ responses. Teachers’ responses to GCRs include (1) ratifying the GCR by nominating students to share the response, (2) ratifying the GCR by repeating the gestured response for the class, (3) declining the GCR by not publicly pursuing the contribution, or (4) declining the GCR by publicly rejecting the contribution. Our analysis contributes to a better understanding of how students use gesture and how teachers attend and respond to students’ gestures in STEM classroom discourse.

KEYWORDS:

• Classroom interaction
• embodied participation
• conversation analysis
• gesture
• STEM education

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation [0962805,1607742,1612660,1612770] and a National Academy of Education/Spencer Dissertation Fellowship.