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Articles

The characteristic state

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Pages 777-794 | Published online: 11 May 2012
 

Abstract

Simulations of cyclic biaxial tests on samples composed of 2D irregular polygonal particles were performed to investigate the properties of the characteristic state, transition state between contraction and dilation. Two aspect ratios of 2D angular particules and different states of initial fabric are considered. The stress ratio at characteristic state is found to be much more sensitive to initial anisotropy than to density changes. Fabric is the kind of anisotropy that seems to influence the most the characteristic state. Constant amplitude cycling does not erase the influence of the initial anisotropy of fabric which was not expected. Then, in the framework of usual soil modelling where the material is supposed to be in an initially isotropic state, the usual models for the characteristic state are only valid for constant cyclic strain amplitude loadings where the mean anisotropy throughout the cycles remains low.

Des simulations d’essais biaxiaux cycliques ont été entreprises sur des échantillons constitués de particules polygonales irrégulières afin d’étudier les propriétés obtenues à l’état caractéristique, transition entre un comportement contractant et dilatant. Deux rapports d’allongement des particules sont étudiés tout comme différents états initiaux de structures. Le rapport de contraintes à l’état caractéristique est trouvé beaucoup plus sensible à l’anisotropie initiale qu’aux variations de densité. Seule l’anisotropie, dite de structure, semble agir sur cet état. Des cycles à déformations d’amplitude constante n’effacent pas l’influence de cette anisotropie initiale, ce qui n’était pas attendu. Aussi, dans un contexte classique où le matériau est initialement à l’état isotrope, les modèles décrivant l’état caractéristique ne sont-ils valides que pour des chargements cycliques symétriques où l’anisotropie moyenne reste faible.

Notes

1. Values were re-evaluated from Nouguier-Lehon et al. (Citation2003) and may be slightly different from those indicated by these authors.

2. AR1 material usually exhibits a flat peak of resistance (Nouguier-Lehon et al., Citation2003) even for a dense state. This is also expected for anisotropies.

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