Conducting a Cluster Analysis in Counseling Research: Four Easy Steps

Abstract

A cluster analysis is an exploratory research method that contributes to identifying homogeneous subgroups and examining the structure of targeted data. This article provides four steps for conducting a cluster analysis for counseling researchers and practitioners: (1) select variable(s) for clustering subgroups; (2) perform preliminary data processing; (3) determine the clustering method to use; and (4) assess the validity of clustering results. Cluster analysis benefits counseling research in various ways, including offering an in-depth understanding of counselors, clients, and relevant counseling mechanisms.

Keywords:

• Cluster analysis
• subgroup analysis
• sample homogeneity
• counseling research

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Gerta Bardhoshi

Gerta Bardhoshi, PhD, is an associate professor and Byeolbee Um is a doctoral student in counselor education both in the Department of Rehabilitation and Counselor Education at the University of Iowa. Bradley T. Erford, PhD, is a professor and director of human development counseling in the Department of Human and Organizational Development in the Peabody College of Education and Human Development at Vanderbilt University.