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Notes
1. Select the lesser of: restoration or replacement costs; or diminution of use values as a measure of damages.
2. In the UK in 2011, households received a generation subsidy of 43.1 pence per kWh for each unit of electricity produced from solar panels; electricity that could be purchased from the network for 12 pence per kWh: a price which included carbon taxes on fossil fuel generation.
3. CER prices typically track prices of European Union carbon allowances; CER prices will rise if UN restrictions reduce supplies of HFC-linked CERs and EU rules will force utilities and other users to switch to credits from renewable energy industries. Rising prices will result in greater economic rents and transfers.
4. Annex 1 countries under the Kyoto Protocol are Australia, Belarus, Canada, Croatia, European Union countries, Iceland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Switzerland, Ukraine, USA.
5. The 2 year Impact Factor is derived from a calculation that divides the number of citations received during one year to articles published in the previous two years, by the number of papers published during those two years.