Impact of communication modality on caregiver ratings for deaf and hard of hearing children

Abstract

Purpose

Literature on children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) suggests overall increased rates of difficulties in emotional/behavioral and adaptive functioning. However, limitations of this literature include the failure to integrate issues unique to the experience of children who are DHH, such as home and school communication modalities and the consistency of modalities across settings.

Method

This study examined de-identified data from a clinical database. Data included caregiver ratings of emotional/behavioral and adaptive functioning in a diverse sample of clinically referred children who are DHH (N = 177). Caregivers also reported home and school communication modalities (e.g., match, partial match, different modalities). We examined mean score differences between our sample and normative samples and compared functioning across subgroups of children with various home-school communication modality combinations.

Results

Consistent with the literature, we found overall increased rates of emotional/behavioral and adaptive functioning concerns on parent rating scales. Emotional/behavioral concerns did not differ among children with spoken language match, sign language match, or partial match communication modalities combinations. Within adaptive functioning, communication and functional academics were significantly lower among children with partial match home-school communication modalities. Adaptive functioning did not differ between spoken language match and sign language match groups.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest possible benefits to adaptive functioning among children who are DHH when home and school communication modalities match, regardless of which modality is used.

Keywords:

• Communication
• deaf
• hard of hearing

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Neuropsychology Research Lab at Kennedy Krieger Institute for their support in developing and maintaining the data collection infrastructure and Poorna Kushalnagar, PhD for her insight and feedback on this manuscript.