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Articles

How user-generated judgments of hotel attributes indicate guest satisfaction

酒店属性是否会影响顾客满意度:针对在线评论进行情感分析

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Pages 180-195 | Received 26 Sep 2018, Accepted 12 Nov 2018, Published online: 15 Mar 2019
 

ABSTRACT

User-generated content is a major source of information particularly in tourism industry where consumers seek unbiased and unregulated information. While making their hotel booking decisions, consumers refer to the previous guests’ experiences expressed in the hotel reviews across social media. Studies in the literature have focused on enhancing the understanding of what makes customers satisfied or dissatisfied. They have analyzed the text reviews and the patterns in the overall rating and ranking of the hotels given by hotel guests. While most emerging destinations have been studied in the literature, studies related to India, a fast-growing leisure destination are scant. The present study tries to understand the hotel attributes that contribute towards customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction using online reviews for all hotels of Andaman & Nicobar Islands in India. Among the eight attributes identified from the most frequently used words in the text reviews, the study finds that while the location has a significant probability of increasing the ratings of both high- and low-rated reviews, rooms seem to have the most significant impact on lowering the probability of high scores irrespective of positive or negative sentiment review. The study also finds that guests of luxury hotels rate the hotels significantly higher than the guests of midrange and budget hotels.

简介

如今,普遍认为用户生成内容是信息的主要来源。这与顾客所需要的无偏不管制信息的行业的关联更为密切,如旅游业。旅客认为酒店在线文字评论是一种可靠的信息来源,也是一种可信赖的消息来源。这几个文献研究项目旨在通过分析文字评论,帮助了解顾客在酒店的体验。

本研究项目的目的是,将源于新兴经济体印度的经验增添到此篇不断发展进步的文献中。鉴于印度的旅游业发展情况,考虑到有关此地区的文献研究相对较少,研究时间间隔较长,我们的研究项目通过尝试确定哪些酒店便利设施会影响顾客的评论情绪,补充了欠缺的文献内容。据此,本研究选取了以水上运动和生态旅游而闻名的安达曼群岛和尼科巴群岛(以下简称:A&N)。

数据和变量

本研究基于源于R的开放源代码编程语言——rvest包和stringer包,开发出一个网页采集程序,用于从时下最流行的酒店顾客评论独立网站TripAdvisor.in获取来自A&N两地56家酒店的用户生成评论。首先共识别出30663个单词。其次从中删除与酒店便利设施无关的单词(例如,also(也)、can(可以)、just(只是)、get(得到)、amazing(神奇)、experience(体验)等等)。然后根据剩余的单词与其出现的频率进行绘图,以确定需要分析的相关单词个数。本研究选取了1765个出现频率超过50次的单词进行研究。两位笔者通过进一步手动编码,生成八个酒店属性:食品、酒店员工服务、地理位置、酒店设施、客房体验、安全性、服务、物有所值及清洁度。为了确定哪些顾客对酒店提供的服务表示满意,我们利用stringr包对评论的两极性进行情绪分析。根据积极、消极和零分的极性得分,确定评论极性。在共计10716份评论中,有9461份被确定是积极评论,663份被确定为消极评论,其余592份被确定是中立评论。在本研究的后续分析过程中,我们只考虑表示顾客满意的积极评价和表示顾客不满的消极评论。通过对此类评论进行独立分析,了解哪个酒店属性对酒店整体评分影响最大。就当前分析情况而言,如果酒店评分为4-5分,则为高分;如果评分为3-1分,则为低分。这种方法旨在对想要打出较高评分的满意顾客与想要给酒店整体打出较低评分的不满意顾客进行区分。因此,因变量是一个二进制变量,用1值表示给出积极评论的顾客满意度,其他用0值表示。

结果

Logistic模型结果表明,即使酒店拥有优越的地理位置和优质的酒店服务,有助于获得顾客积极的评论情绪,但是,其他便利设施中的客房、安全性、酒店服务、物有所值因素也会影响顾客消极的评论情绪。我们的研究得出了进一步结论,从酒店类型的角度来看,与预算型酒店和中档酒店相比,豪华型酒店顾客的评论情绪更积极。

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Correction

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the participants of the conference on “Sustainable Tourism and Hospitality Marketing: An Agenda for Future Research” organized by Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, North- Eastern Hill University (A central university), India, for giving their valuable feedback.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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