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Articles

Consumer engagement in village eco-tourism: A case of the cleanest village in Asia – Mawlynnong

客户参与的乡村生态旅游——以亚洲最洁净的村庄莫里农为例

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Pages 248-265 | Received 28 Sep 2018, Accepted 12 Nov 2018, Published online: 15 Mar 2019
 

ABSTRACT

This study examines the unique role of local community–consumer/customer engagement in influencing consumer/customer satisfaction (reflected in terms of economic activity) and future behavioural intention (reflected in terms of tourism develop-ment) in eco-tourism context in Mawlynnong village, Meghalaya,India, which has rightfully earned for itself the title of “Cleanest village in Asia.” The study builds on the contents and data from 35 in-depth researches on tourism (in the context of Mawlynnong) with the help of a content analysis (using NVivo 12) method and interaction with 8 local village families followed by structural equation modelling(SEM) analysis (using Adanco 2.0.2).The results show that factors such as cleanliness, local community–consumer/customer engagement, infrastructure, heritage and education enhance perceived trust among tourists, resulting in tourism development and enhanced economic activity by tourists. The participative service innovation behaviour (cleanliness) positively influences exploration intention(tourism) in this context. Furthermore, participative service innovation behaviour (in cleanliness) is found to mediate the relationship between its two driving factors, namely local community engagement and perceived trust in the service provider(tourism). The findings also provide various strategies tourism and hospitality firms and government tourism departments can use to prioritize factors and co-creating a replicable model of service innovation effectively using Mawlynnong example.

引言:近些年来,“客户参与”已经发展成为一个重要研究领域,并引起了学术界的关注。营销科学研究所在本世纪第二个十年之初就已经将客户参与作为一项重点研究。认为,过去五十多年来,旅游业一直是全球主要的增长型产业。近些年来,乡村旅游也以可持续发展的旅游方式应对全球变暖和气候变化而备受全球关注。生态旅游通常被认为是可持续旅游的一个次要组成部分,并且被宣传为自然风光旅游的同义词。生态旅游主要包括:对生物多样性的保护、对当地居民福利的维持、对学习经验的总结、旅游业和游客的参与、主要面向小型企业、减少不可再生资源的消耗、促进本地人积极参与、为农村人口提供不同所有制和更多的机会。目前,生态旅游虽然只是一个小产业,但是在法规和市场力量的影响下正在快速发展。当前,关于保护自然遗产和自然环境的争论是必要的,生态旅游在保护自然风景区环境的同时,也为自然保护区的经济发展提供了一种创新模式。综上所述,在发展中国家,开发乡村旅游被看作是可以提高主办国和当地社区的经济地位的有效做法。

研究方法:本文研究了当地社区在生态旅游中的作用——以印度梅加拉亚邦的莫里农村为对象,这个村庄有着“亚洲最洁净的村庄”这一称号,名副其实。本文主要是针对该村开展生态旅游之后影响消费者/客户满意度(反映在经济活动上)和未来行为意图(反映在旅游业发展上)的因素进行研究。考察的因素包括:当地社区——消费者/客户参与度、村庄的洁净度、村庄的基础设施、传统遗产传承以及村庄的教育水平,从而提高客户体验的满意度,主要体现在旅游业发展和当地经济增长上。本研究以莫里农地区35项旅游深度研究的内容和数据为基础,采用内容分析法,与当地8个农户进行互动,进行结构方程建模(SEM)分析。研究内容采用NVivo 12进行含量分析,SEM采用Adanco 2.0.1进行分析。

结论:结果显示,洁净、当地社区消费者/客户参与、基础设施、遗产保护以及教育水平等因素提高了游客的感知信任,促进了旅游业的发展,增加了游客经济活动。在此背景下,参与式服务创新行为(洁净度)对探索意图(旅游)产生了积极影响。此外,参与式创新行为调节了两个动因之间的关系,即当地社区参与和对服务提供者的感知信任之间的关系。

讨论:研究结果为旅游业、酒店管理公司以及政府旅游部门提供了多种策略,他们可以利用这些策略对其进行排序,共同有效地利用莫里农的案例创造可复制的服务创新模式。本文对多方关系的研究是独一无二的,也是史无前例的。因此,本研究所列出的这些关系对当地社区现有的知识体系、客户参与、服务创新以及生态旅游/家庭寄宿等都做出了重要贡献。

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

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