Detection of Position-Related Sciatic Nerve Dysfunction by Somatosensory Evoked Potentials During Spinal Surgery

ABSTRACT

It is well established that intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) are sensitive to plexus and peripheral nerve dysfunction related to malpositioning of patients during spinal surgery. While most reports focus on upper extremity nerve or brachial plexus effects, there is very little on detection of sciatic nerve compromise. Recording of the SSEP at the popliteal fossa is a common strategy to aid in troubleshooting stimulus-related problems or distal peripheral tibial nerve failure; yet position-related sciatic nerve effects may not be realized by changes in the popliteal fossa response.

Three posterior lumbar surgeries are reviewed in which there was evidence of proximal lower extremity peripheral nerve dysfunction related to positioning. Loss of posterior tibial nerve SSEPs with preservation of the peripheral popliteal fossa response recording occurred in the absence of critical surgical manipulations. Efforts at repositioning and release of tension on the lower limbs promptly resulted in recovery of lost responses. Two of the three cases involved patients in a kneeling position with a tight strap across the posterior thigh.

Standard SSEP recordings used in intraoperative neuromonitoring do not specifically localize intraoperative changes to the sciatic nerve; thus, such changes affecting SSEPs above the popliteal fossa mimic iatrogenic changes occurring at the surgical site. These case reports show that when the stage of surgery does not support iatrogenic changes, malpositioning affecting sciatic nerve should be considered, especially for patients placed in a kneeling position on an Andrews frame.

KEY WORDS:

• Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring
• malpositioning
• neuropathy
• sciatic nerve
• somatosensory evoked potentials