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Articles

Population size and plumage polymorphism of feral pigeon (Columba livia forma urbana) from urban environment of Košice city (Slovakia)

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Pages 104-110 | Received 01 Mar 2013, Accepted 09 Apr 2013, Published online: 14 May 2013
 

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution, size, and plumage phenotypes of the feral pigeon population in the Košice city (48°43′N, 21°15′E, Slovakia). Censuses carried out in built-up areas of the city (9.47 km2) from November 2012 to January 2013 estimated the abundance of these birds at 1221. The highest density was recorded in the southern part of the city (Košice IV.) although statistically significant differences among districts were not confirmed. Pigeons formed flocks of up to 20 individuals (84.3%), but the largest flocks consisted of 21–50 birds (14.6%), and there was only one flock (1.1%) exceeding 51 birds (i.e. 64 birds). The most abundant were melanistic pigeons (checker, T-pattern and spread phenotype), which dominated the population (53.5%, n = 654). The other most frequent groups of pigeons represented ‘T-pattern’ (27.4%), ‘checker’ (20.1%), and ‘spread’ (6.0%) phenotypes. Meanwhile, blue-bar birds constituted 35.3% of the population. A statistically significant difference was confirmed among plumage phenotypes in pigeons from different city districts. The study confirmed the balanced ratio between dark-coloured and light-coloured pigeons living in the city center and on its periphery.

Košice mieste Slovakijoje (48°43′N, 21°15′E) buvo tiriamas uolinių karvelių (Columba livia forma urbana) paplitimas, populiacijos dydis ir plunksnų dangos fenotipai. Užstatytoje miesto dalyje (9,47 km2) 2012 m. lapkričio – 2013 m. sausio mėnesiais atliktos apskaitos metu užregistruoti 1221 karveliai. Didžiausias karvelių tankumas buvo pietinėje miesto dalyje (Košice IV.), tačiau tankumo skirtumai miesto rajonuose nebuvo statistiškai patikimi. 84,3% atvejų karvelių pulko dydis buvo iki 20 individų, 14,6% atvejų pulke stebėta 21–50 paukščių; viename pulke buvo 64 paukščiai. Populiacijoje dominavo tamsios spalvos karveliai (n = 654, 53,5%). Jų tarpe dažniausi buvo margi (T-pattern – 27,4% bei checker 20,1% fenotipo) ir juodi (6,0%) karveliai. Laukinio fenotipo paukščiai populiacijoje sudarė 35,3%. Plunksnų dangos fenotipų dažnumas skirtinguose miesto rajonuose patikimai skyrėsi. Tamsių ir šviesių karvelių proporcija miesto centre ir jo pakraščiuose buvo panaši.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank L. Kočíková and L. Monkiene for the revision of the English language of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Slovak Scientific Grant Agency VEGA, Grant No. 2/0137/10.

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