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Articles

Gradient of rodent species diversity across altitudes in Hyrcanian region, northeast Iran

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Pages 192-198 | Received 08 Jan 2014, Accepted 12 Jun 2014, Published online: 18 Jul 2014
 

Abstract

During the three-year long study of the rodent community, a total of 139 individuals belonging to three families and eleven species were investigated. The studied rodent families included Muridae, (Mus musculus, Nesokia indica, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, Apodemus witherbyi, Apodemus hyrcanicus, Apodemus uralensis, and Rhombomys opimus), Gliridae (Glis glis), and Cricetidae, (Microtus levis, Cricetulus migratorius). Specimens were captured with modified Sherman live traps at four altitude levels covering clay plains around Alagol and Almagol wetlands, the sub-mountainous range of Hyrcanian forests, the Alborz Mountain range, and steppes of the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountain range in the easternmost part of the Hyrcanian region, northeast of Iran. Shannon–Wiener’s, Simpson’s diversity and evenness indices were calculated. Our data showed that species diversity varies with vegetation coverage. Moreover, species richness and evenness indices show the tendency to decrease with increasing altitude. The highest Shannon–Wiener’s and Simpson’s diversity indices were recorded at lower altitudes and the lowest at the highest. In accordance with the generalized Rapoport’s elevation rule, our results show an inverse correlation between species diversity and altitude. The results obtained suggest that the mountainous and sub-mountainous ranges of the Hyrcanian region should be strictly controlled because of lower diversity and greater susceptibility of rodents to ecosystem alterations.

Tris metus trukęs graužikų bendrijų tyrimas buvo vykdomas šiaurės rytų Irane, labiausiai į rytus nutolusioje Golestano dalyje. Ištirtos vietovės (molio lygumos aplink Alagolo ir Almagolo pelkynus, Girkano priekalnių miškai, Alborzo kalnų masyvas ir Alborzo kalnų šiaurinių šlaitų stepės) yra skirtingame aukštyje virš jūros lygio. Graužikai buvo gaudomi modifikuotais Šermano gyvagaudžiais spąstais. Sugauti 11 rūšių 139 graužikai, priklausantys 3 šeimoms: Muridae (Mus musculus, Nesokia indica, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, Apodemus witherbyi, Apodemus hyrcanicus, Apodemus uralensis, and Rhombomys opimus); Gliridae (Glis glis); Cricetidae (Microtus levis, Cricetulus migratorius). Apskaičiuoti Shannon–Wiener ir Simpson įvairovės bei rūšių tolygumo indeksai. Graužikų rūšinė įvairovė kito priklausomai nuo augalijos. Aukščiau virš jūros lygio esančiose vietovėse graužikų rūšinės įvairovės ir tolygumo indeksai buvo mažesni. Rezultatai atitinka Rapoporto aukščio virš jūros lygio taisyklę ir rodo neigiamą koreliaciją tarp rūšių įvairovės ir vietovės aukščio virš jūros lygio. Golestano kalnų ir priekalnių vietovės turėtų būti stebimos, nes jose graužikų rūšinė įvairovė yra mažesnė, jie yra jautresni ekosistemų pokyčiams.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the grant of Rodentology Research Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The authorization for the experiments was granted by the Department of Environment of Golestan Province, Iran (Permission Number: 125/6856; 5 December 2007). The first author would like to give special thanks to Professor Boris Kryštufek who helped to identify specimens of Apodemus and Microtus.

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