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Articles

Rehoming rhinos in southern Africa: animal indigeneity and wildlife translocations in the 1960s and 1970s

Rapatriement des rhinocéros en Afrique australe: Indigénéité animale et translocations de la faune sauvage dans les années 1960 et 1970

Pages 196-215 | Received 14 Jan 2015, Accepted 15 Jun 2016, Published online: 26 Oct 2016
 

Abstract

In this article, I examine rhino translocations in the 1960s and early 1970s in order to analyze how conservation practices have been influenced by ideas of animal indigeneity and how animals have responded to these initiatives. I investigate successful and unsuccessful Operation Rhino reintroductions to protected areas in South Africa and Mozambique as a way of understanding notions of what belonged in these territories and the role animals played in shaping them. Rhinos were not passive subjects of these ‘recolonizations’ but rather unpredictable participants that often responded to their ‘native’ territories in unexpected or undesired ways. This article also considers how translocation initiatives led to a shift in thinking about animals as members of a species to perceiving them as individual actors. Furthermore, it explores the relationship between wildlife (as both species representatives and as individuals), the humans striving to protect them, and the places to which they have been transported. In considering the ways that animals are managed in and relocated to new protected areas, this article also calls into question the categorical division between wildness and domesticity.

Dans cet article, j'examine les translocations de rhinocéros dans les années 1960 et au début des années 1970 afin d'analyser comment les pratiques de conservation ont été influencées par les notions d’indigénéité animale et comment les animaux ont répondu à ces initiatives. J’étudie les échecs et les succès des Opérations Rhino de réintroductions dans des zones protégées d’Afrique du Sud et du Mozambique afin de comprendre les conceptions de ce qui appartenait à ces territoires et le rôle joué par les animaux dans leur façonnement. Plutôt que des sujets passifs de ces «recolonisation», les rhinocéros étaient des participants plutôt imprévisibles qui ont souvent répondu à leurs territoires «natifs» de manières inattendues ou fâcheuses. Cet article examine également comment les efforts de translocation ont donné lieu à une transformation de la manière de penser les animaux en tant que membres d'une espèce vers leurs perceptions comme acteurs individuels. En outre, il explore la relation entre les animaux sauvages (en tant que représentants d’espèce ainsi qu'individus), les humains cherchant à les protéger, et les lieux où ils ont été transportés. Par son examen des façons dont les animaux sont déplacés vers, et gérés dans, de nouvelles zones protégées, cet article remet également en question la distinction entre le sauvage et le domestique.

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to my doctoral committee members for their comments on the dissertation chapter from which this article was developed. Thanks are also due to participants at the 2014 World Congress of Environmental History who intently listened and responded to an earlier version of this paper and to the two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive feedback.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a Graduate Fellowship for International Study from the Institute for International Education and a Mellon Fellowship from the University of Minnesota’s Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Global Change.

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