284
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Prostate cancer incidence, mortality and survival trends in Estonia, 1995–2014

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 442-449 | Received 28 Apr 2017, Accepted 10 Oct 2017, Published online: 02 Nov 2017
 

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze long-term trends in prostate cancer (PCa) incidence, mortality and survival in Estonia, with specific focus on age and stage.

Materials and methods: Data on PCa incident cases and deaths in 1995–2014 were obtained from the Estonian Cancer Registry and the Causes of Death Registry, respectively. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate the annual percentage change for incidence and mortality trends. Relative survival ratios (RSRs) were calculated for four 5 year periods. Incidence and survival were analyzed by age and stage.

Results: The average annual number of new PCa cases in Estonia increased more than three-fold from 1995–1999 to 2010–2014. The age-standardized overall incidence and the incidence of localized cancer increased steeply until 2011, then leveled off. The incidence of locally/regionally spread or distant PCa remained stable. A significant increase in PCa mortality was seen only in men aged 65 years and older. The overall 5 year RSR increased from 58% to 90% over the study period. Survival increased considerably for all stages.

Conclusions: The dramatic rise in the incidence of PCa in Estonia since the late 1990s was limited to localized cancers. This, together with rapid increases in survival, is probably due predominantly to extensive opportunistic prostate-specific antigen testing of middle-aged and elderly men. The ongoing increase in PCa mortality among older men warrants validation of causes of death to avoid possible overestimation. Evaluation of diagnostic and treatment strategies could identify possibilities for improving outcomes of non-localized PCa.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr Margit Mägi and Mrs Pille Härmaorg from the Estonian Cancer Registry for providing the data, and Dr Tiiu Aareleid for insightful comments on an earlier draft of the paper.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Eesti Teadusagentuur (Estonian Research Council) [grant numbers IUT5-1 and IUT34-17].

Log in via your institution

Log in to Taylor & Francis Online

PDF download + Online access
  • 48 hours access to article PDF & online version
  • Article PDF can be downloaded
  • Article PDF can be printed
USD 65.00 Add to cart
* Local tax will be added as applicable

Related Research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.