Critical Literary Arts in Action: The Decolonial Project of Ba re e ne re within and beyond Lesotho

ABSTRACT

In this article we explore the historical construction of literary infrastructure established in Lesotho. Building on an analysis of Sesotho language orthography by Dr Litšepiso Matlosa, we recall the colonial genesis of written Sesotho by Swiss and French missionaries. As a result of this influence, Lesotho’s written Sesotho remains embedded with marks of orthographic inconsistency. The legacies of written language in Lesotho inform the relationships the Basotho have with literature.

It is against this backdrop that in 2011, a young Mosotho woman, named Liepollo Rantekoa, organised a series of literary events that she called the Ba re e ne re Literature Festival. We show that through the ensuing dialogues, the Ba re e ne re Literature Festival has since served as a creative outlet and knowledge exchange for Basotho while expanding its reach through additional creative interventions rooted in decolonial theory. Partnerships with peer literary and cultural organisations in other African countries have generated valuable exchanges as well. In mapping out its myriad connections, we argue that through reflexive praxis, the Ba re e ne re Literature Festival unlinks literary culture in Lesotho from colonial institutions and practices by cultivating a new generation of storytellers, readers and cultures.

KEYWORDS:

• Lesotho
• literary arts
• orthography
• Sesotho
• decolonisation
• critical literacy
• African history

Notes

1 The Cambridge Overseas School Certificate (COSC) examination board since 1961 and the Joint Matriculation Board of South Africa (JMB) board prior to that.

2 https://www.igig-global.com/dictionary/critical-literacy/6211

3 Accredited Language Services: Sesotho. (n.d.): www.alsintl.com/resources/languages/sesotho (retrieved April 1, 2018).

4 Refer to Prehistory of Southern Africa (n.d) https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/prehistory-rustenburg-area (retrieved November 10, 2018)

5 Refer also to page 354 of African and European Readers of the Bible in Dialogue: In Quest of a Shared Meaning by West, Gerald, and Hans (J.H) de Wit. 2008. African and European Readers of the Bible in Dialogue. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004166561.i-434

6 A Swiss man who had joined the mission and started the Morija Printing Press; refer to Mabille, Adolphe (1836–1894) Paris Evangelical Missionary Society (PEMS) missionary in Lesotho (n.d.) http://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/l-m/mabille-adolphe-1836-1894/ (Retrieved November 10, 2018).

7 Find a complete list of Édouard Jacottet’s (1858–1920) writings at http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80108731/ (retrieved November 10, 2018).

8 https://colivre.net/intertwining-histories/blog/literacy-as-an-agent-for-creativity-first-research-phase

9 Our learning unit called “Decolonising Literacy with Critical Pedagogy” is available here: https://another-roadmap.net/intertwining-histories/tools-for-education/learning-units/decolonising-literacy-with-critical-pedagogy

10 It is important to note that there are several minority languages in Lesotho as well. We are working with partners in Lesotho to incorporate these languages into our programming as well going forward.

11 https://colivre.net/intertwining-histories