“I Like to Know When My Period’s Coming”: How Menstruators Use Technology to Track, Monitor, and Manage Their Menses

Abstract

Managing menstruation is a global public health issue. Cultural issues such as period poverty, negative stigmas, and technological advancements are often discussed in the menstrual care space. Technologies, such as mobile apps (e.g., Flo, Glow, iPhone Health) and devices (e.g., menstrual cups, intrauterine devices), have changed how menstruators monitor and manage their menses. Little research exists on how these tools could affect university student menstruators. Virtual focus group discussions (n = 32 across five focus groups) were conducted in February 2021. Eligible participants were student-menstruators attending a large Midwestern University. Thematic analysis techniques were used for data analysis, allowing for a constant comparative approach to contextualization and theme identification. Results demonstrated that participants employed various technologies, including mobile apps, birth control methods, and reusable products, to track, predict, and manage their menstrual experiences effectively. These technologies proved instrumental in tracking symptoms, manipulating the timing of menstruation, facilitating communication with healthcare providers, and alleviating menstrual discomfort. Furthermore, participants emphasized the factors influencing their technology choices, such as menstrual cups’ economic and environmental advantages. These findings have implications for menstrual health programs, public health initiatives, and period policies, emphasizing the importance of integrating technology-driven solutions for menstrual health management. The study showcases the value of incorporating technology into education and awareness campaigns to empower individuals in managing their menstrual health and facilitating informed decisions about contraception and fertility. Furthermore, the research highlights the need for policymakers to support reusable menstrual technologies and destigmatize menstruation, ultimately contributing to gender equality and overall well-being.

Keywords:

• App
• technology
• menstruation
• menstrual products
• menstruation management technologies
• birth control

Acknowledgments

We thank the Interdisciplinary Women’s Health Research Collaborative members at Purdue University who supported project needs but are not listed as coauthors on this paper. We would also like to thank Dr. Sharra Vostral for her support in study conceptualization.

Disclosure Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethics Approval

The Perdue University institutional review board approved the study.

Consent to Participate

All participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study.

Availability of Data and Material

Interview guide available on reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by the Office of the Provost at Purdue University. The funding sources had no involvement in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication.