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Articles

Experiencing bivariate colour scales on animated maps

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Pages 20-37 | Received 06 Apr 2016, Accepted 02 May 2016, Published online: 26 May 2016
 

ABSTRACT

We examined animated maps on which two different datasets are presented together in order to test the applicability of the bivariate colour scales to moving phenomena. Experimental software, combining meteorological datasets, was implemented to study two different use cases: the comparison between a predicted model and the actual observations of a single phenomenon, and the causality between two independent phenomena. The characteristics of different datasets and tasks were taken into account when designing the visualizations for these two combinations. These visualizations were then evaluated in group interviews. The results from the interviews indicate that designing the colours for animated bivariate maps differs remarkably from the colours of static bivariate maps, and the applicability of previous bivariate data visualization guidelines can be questioned. The spatial coverage, geometrical complexity and movement of the phenomena have a significant effect on bivariate animations.

RÈSUMÈ

Nous étudions des cartes animées qui représentent deux jeux de données conjointement afin de tester la pertinence d’appliquer des échelles de couleurs bivariées à des phénomènes en mouvement. Un logiciel expérimental, intégrant des données météorologiques, a été implémenté pour deux cas d’études : la comparaison entre un modèle prédictif et des mesures d’observation d’un unique phénomène et la causalité entre deux phénomènes indépendants. Les caractéristiques des différents jeux de données et les tâches à réaliser ont été prises en comptes lors de la conception de la visualisation de ces deux combinaisons de jeux de données. Ces visualisations ont été évaluées par des interviews en groupe. Les résultats de ces interviews montrent que le choix de couleurs pour des cartes bivariées animées diffère remarquablement de celui que l’on ferait pour les cartes bivariées statiques et ainsi que l’applicabilité des consignes de visualisation des cartes bivariées peut être questionnée. L’étendue spatiale, la complexité géométrique et le mouvement des phénomènes ont en effet un impact significatif sur les animations bivariées.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Salla Multimäki, MSc, is a doctoral student in the Department of Built Environment. Her topic is map animations and their visual analysis.

Antti Mäkilä, MSc, wrote his master’s thesis on the technical implementation of this study in the Department of Computer Science.

Jari Korpi, DSc, made his doctoral dissertation on the design of map mashups in the Department of Real estate, Planning and Geoinformatics. He graduated in 2015.

Paula Ahonen-Rainio, DSc, is a senior university lecturer at the Department of Built Environment. Her research interests include visual representation of spatial and spatio-temporal information, usability and visuals in spatial analysis.

Notes

1. The Leaflet.js software that was used defines the transparency of the layers by ‘opacity’, which is the reverse of transparency: 100% opacity is equivalent to 0% transparency, that is, the object is fully visible. 0% opacity equals 100% transparency, that is, an invisible object.

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