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Articles

How evacuation maps work: comparison of stakeholders’ visual strategies

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Pages 25-48 | Received 11 Jun 2016, Accepted 27 Jan 2018, Published online: 25 Feb 2018
 

ABSTRACT

In the event of a major flood, many stakeholders implement a time-limited evacuation of residents to minimize the impact on the population. In this situation, the map is an important tool to facilitate decision-making and displacement of people. Many stakeholders have their own missions and questions but have also different experiences that influence how they read a map. In order to produce the most effective maps, it is important to understand how they read the maps and what can complicate their use. From the analysis of fixations and reading strategies, we determine (1) whether the different categories of stakeholders involved in the evacuation have specific characteristics in their map reading and (2) what components of evacuation maps can obstruct the map reading.

RÉSUMÉ

Lorsque survient une inondation de grande ampleur, un ensemble d’acteurs mettent en œuvre une évacuation des résidents dans un temps limité afin de minimiser les impacts de cette inondation sur la population. Dans ce cas, la carte est un outil important pour faciliter la prise de décision et le déplacement des personnes. Chacun de ces acteurs a ses propres missions et questionnements mais aussi différentes expériences qui influencent leur façon de lire une carte. Afin de produire des cartes les plus efficaces possible, il est important de comprendre comment ces acteurs lisent les cartes et ce qui peut compliquer leur utilisation. Nous avons ainsi réalisé des tests de lecture de cartes d’évacuation. A partir de l’analyse des temps de fixation sur certaines parties et des stratégies de lecture, nous déterminons 1/ dans quelle mesure différentes catégories d’acteurs impliqués dans l’évacuation des populations ont des caractéristiques particulières dans leur façon de lire les cartes et 2/ quels composants des cartes d’évacuation peuvent entraver leur lecture des cartes.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Gaëtan Palka is a postdoctoral researcher at WSL, Birmensdorf and a doctor in Spatial Planning and Urbanism at UMR 7324 CITERES at the University of Tours. His research topics are the modelling and representation of space objects and phenomena. He is interested in geovisualization, cartography, cognitive aspects, usability and eye-tracking studies applied to natural and technological risks.

Kamal Serrhini is an associate professor at Polytech Tours and researcher at UMR 7324 CITERES at the University of Tours. He focuses on public participation, natural risks management and modelling evacuation.

Dominique Andrieu is a cartographer at the MSH Val de Loire. He offers his expertise in representation and analysis of space in the projects of the MSH and associated laboratories.

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