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Articles

Reflecting on the purpose of mapwork in primary schooling

Pages 270-283 | Received 24 Feb 2020, Accepted 14 May 2020, Published online: 15 Jun 2020
 

ABSTRACT

Two purposes have dominated map teaching in primary education. First is the focus on map skills which enables, secondly, younger children to begin to read maps for place information to appreciate what is shown on a paper or digital map. This article extends these purposes by recognising other aspects of children’s map learning which usually remain implicit or are rarely countenanced. One concerns primary children’s out-of-school mapping in their daily lives, the ways they make sense of the places they engage with through their personal geographies. Rather than an adjunct in map teaching, younger children’s mental mapping can be engaged and enhanced through conscious use and reflection throughout primary schooling. Two further important contexts involve children using local large-scale maps and atlas maps. Children encounter imaginary maps in stories and games providing a role for such maps in fostering children’s map learning. These map learning contexts and maps have emotional connections for children. This is that mapping at local and national scales fosters their senses of local belonging and national identity. Drawing on these contexts, 12 purposes are identified for primary map learning.

RÉSUMÉ

Deux objectifs ont dominé l'enseignement des cartes dans enseignement primaire. Premièrement l'accent est mis sur les compétences cartographiques qui permettent, deuxièmement, aux enfants les plus jeunes de commencer à lire des cartes pour trouver des informations sur les lieux afin de se rendre compte de ce qui est montré sur une carte papier ou numérique. Ce papier étend ces objectifs en reconnaissant d'autres aspects de l'apprentissage des cartes par les enfants qui restent généralement implicites ou alors sont rarement acceptés. Le premier aspect concerne la cartographie non scolaire des enfants de primaire dans leur vie quotidienne, la façon dont ils donnent sens aux lieux dans lesquels ils s'engagent à travers leur géographie personnelle. Plutôt qu'un complément à l'enseignement des cartes, les cartes mentales des jeunes enfants peuvent être investies et améliorées par une utilisation et une réflexion consciente tout au long de l'enseignement primaire. Deux autres contextes importants sont l'utilisation de cartes locales à grande échelle et l'utilisation d'atlas. Les enfants découvrent des cartes imaginaires dans les histoires et les jeux, cartes qui favorisent leur apprentissage des cartes. Ces contextes d'apprentissage des cartes et ces types de cartes ont des liens émotionnels pour les enfants. Ce sont ces cartes à l'échelle locale et nationale qui aiguisent leur sens d'une appartenance locale et d'une identité nationale. En s'appuyant sur ces contextes, douze objectifs ont été identifiés pour l'apprentissage des cartes en primaire.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes on contributor

Simon Catling is Emeritus Professor of Primary Education, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. He has published widely on geographical education since the late 1970s, on primary geography education, about children and maps and for teachers. His map book series for primary age children, Mapstart (Collins), has been available for over 35 years! His recent books include Understanding and Teaching Primary Geography with Tessa Willy (2018), Research and Debate in Primary Geography (edited, 2015) and Everyday Guide to Primary Geography: Locational Knowledge (2020). He is a Past President of the UK’s Geographical Association and has served as Honorary Secretary of the IGU Commission on Geographical Association. He continues to research, publish and attend national and international conferences.

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