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Research Article

Case study: analysing the progression of artificial lighting in Gauteng Province over a decade using spatio-temporal analysis

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Received 20 May 2023, Accepted 31 May 2024, Published online: 30 Jun 2024
 

ABSTRACT

Services related to generating and distributing electrical power are essential to economic growth and development. This study investigates the temporal patterns of night-time light (NTL) recorded by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on orbiting satellites. The time series data covers the years 2012 through 2022. The findings show that the year-on-year changes in lighting are quite small. Most major cities’ luminosity has diminished, whereas smaller cities have remained relatively constant. Using statistical approaches, this study located areas of hot and cold spots of NTL trends across Gauteng Province using a space–time cube. By using space–time cubes, it is possible to visualise how phenomena evolve over time and space. The most worrying is the diminishing hot spot located at the economic powerhouse of South Africa, Johannesburg. The study also used three-dimensional visualisation to comprehend better the underlying patterns represented by each hot spot. This dataset makes it possible to determine where urban sprawl occurs in the province, as they are characterised by new, consecutive, and sporadic hot spots. By looking at spatiotemporal dynamic changing patterns, it is easy to find complex patterns that change over time and space and provide valuable information for NTL.

RÉSUMÉ

Les services chargés de produire et de distribuer l'électricité sont essentiels à la croissance économique et au développement. Cette recherche examine les motifs temporels de la lumière nocturne (NTL) enregistrés dans les séries radiométriques des images dans l'infrarouge (VIIRS) des satellites en orbite. Les séries temporelles couvrent les années 2012 à 2022. Les résultats montrent que les changements de l'éclairage sont faibles d'une année sur l'autre. La luminosité de la plupart des grandes villes a diminué alors que celle des plus petites villes est restée relativement constante. En utilisant des méthodes statistiques cette étude a localisé les zones intenses ou faibles (points chauds et froids) des tendances de la lumière nocturne dans la province du Gauteng en utilisant le cube spatio-temporel. Ces cubes permettent de visualiser l'évolution de phénomènes dans l'espace et le temps. Le fait le plus inquiétant est la baisse du point chaud situé dans le centre économique de l'Afrique de Sud, Johannesbourg. L'étude utilise aussi la visualisation 3D pour bien appréhender les motifs sous-jacents de chaque point chaud. Cet ensemble de données permet de déterminer où se produit l'étalement urbain dans la province, puisqu'il se traduit par des points chauds nouveaux, en continuité et sporadiques. En observant la dynamique spatio-temporelle des changements de motifs, il est facile de voir des structures complexes qui évoluent dans le temps et l'espace et qui donnent des informations précieuses sur la lumière nocturne.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Tabaro H. Kabanda

Tabaro H. Kabanda is a lecturer at the University of Dodoma in the College of Earth Sciences and Engineering. He holds a Doctoral Degree in Geography and Environmental Science. His research interest lies in remote sensing and GIS applications in earth and environmental systems sciences.

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