A Mixed Methods Approach to Exploring Social Emotional Learning Program Implementation in an Alternative High School

Abstract

Schools are turning to research-based social emotional learning (SEL) practices to improve student achievement and school progress. Research to support SEL implementation, however, has lagged behind outcomes-based evaluations, often resulting in poor SEL program quality and fidelity. This mixed methods study explores SEL implementation at a high-needs high school to determine the extent the program’s implementation adhered to the identified model. The findings indicate the study school only minimally implemented the evidence-based model due to barriers also cited in peer-reviewed research and, therefore, the evidence-based program was not implemented as intended. This study validates the need for research to shift attention from efficacious outcomes-based studies toward establishing best implementation practices to ensure interventions are transferred and implemented with fidelity. Doing so should strengthen adherence to evidence-based models, improve the overall quality of SEL program implementation, and increase the likelihood of achieving the desired outcomes attributed to SEL program implementation.

Impact Statement

Currently the lack of evidence-based SEL implementation practices places schools interested in SEL at risk of poor program implementation in their unique settings. The findings in this study indicate there is a need to develop evidence-based SEL program implementation practices to support implementation in a context-specific manner that produces the desired outcomes, particularly in schools serving diverse student populations focused on closing race and income-based achievement gaps.

Keywords:

• Social emotional learning
• program implementation
• fidelity
• alternative high school

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

• Chunyan Yang

DISCLOSURE

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Kristen Ford

Dr. Kristen Ford is a manager of Design and Development at Western Governors University. Her research interests include pedagogical approaches that advance learner achievement and educational equity.

Annette Anderson

Dr. Annette Anderson currently serves as an Assistant Professor and Faculty Lead for School Administration & Supervision in the School of Education. She is also the Deputy Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Safe and Healthy Schools and one of the three co‐founders of the eSchool+Initiative.

Yolanda Abel

Dr. Yolanda Abel is an Associate Professor and immediate past chair of the Department of Advanced Studies in Education at Johns Hopkins University School of Education. She is also a faculty affiliate with Center for Social Organization of Schools, the Center for Safe and Healthy Schools and the Center for Africana Studies.

Marcia Davis

Marcia Davis, PhD, is a director of the Center for Social Organization of Schools, the research director of the Baltimore Education Research Consortium, and an associate professor in the School of Education at Johns Hopkins University.